BCC2007/LC2007
(Joe Bartl. MSR1,
SMCD)
CATALOGING
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
WORKFLOW
SIMPLIFICATION
OTHER INITIATIVES
NEW PROJECTS
ONGOING PROJECTS
COOPERATION/OUTREACH
CATALOGING
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Bibliographic production: New bibliographic records added to the database consisted of 3,517 scores, 16,561 sound recordings, and 2,730 books/ERs/Microforms. This totals 22,847 new bibliographic records added to the database.
Arrearage accomplishments: A total of 35,395 items were removed from the arrearage as follows: CDs (33,984); LPs (348); 78s (38); 45s (125); 10” reels (224); and cassettes (676).
Bibliographic maintenance and auxiliary statistics: 9,078 bibliographic records were modified. 7,577 authority records were added to the database and 3,607 authority records were modified. In addition, 16 class numbers were established and 3 class numbers were modified.
Introduction: Note that processing simplifications have occurred on two tracks:
CD Brief Workflow: During the first three months of FY06, popular music CDs were processed via a combination of technician copy cataloging and brief record creation. The copy cataloging workflows proved too slow to maintain currency and so in Jan. 2006 MSR3 moved to 100% brief record production. Using proprietary software developed by MBRS/SMCD, the MSR teams produced brief bibliographic records (encoding level 3) with full contents notes. This enabled the Division to regain currency, clearing the mounting backlog of popular music receipts from the MBRS shelves.
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the Document
Leased Metadata: Beginning in January 2006, the MSR teams began a pilot to create bibliographic records for popular music CDs with metadata leased from the All Music Guide services of All Media Guide, LLC. LC receives weekly updates to the AMG CD database. With MBRS/SMCD-developed software, the technicians locate and import AMG metadata and output the result into a Voyager MARC encoding level 3 record. While the data must be massaged to meet our own input standards and needs, this process will all but eliminate the need for original keying of a massive quantity of data, including contents notes. See also All Media Guide (AMG) Workflow . Though the number of records is small right now, a sample may be viewed by searching LCCN 2007571490.
CD Sorter & CD Add: Developed in Library Services, the CD Sorter software allows the user to quickly identify second or surplus copies, and efficiently creates holding and item records when a copy must be added. SMCD has begun using this software in order to weed out added copies as much as possible from the general CD receipts from MBRS, freeing technicians to spend more time creating records for items not already in the database.
New Sound Recording Formats Guidelines: In order to address the burgeoning problems of cataloging new and hybrid sound recording formats, SMCD, in consultation with MBRS, CPSO, and OCLC, documented guidelines for LC catalogers and technicians. These guidelines include instructions for various CD, DVD, and Electronic Resource formats most of which have begun to appear over the last three years. Though originally designed as an LCRI, the need for efficient and timely updating of the document has caused CPSO to mount the guidelines at the following address:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/soundrec.pdf. Though there will be links via Cataloger’s Desktop to this document from the appropriate rules in Chapter 6 of AACR2, the document is currently available to the public at this URL.
Top
of Special Materials
JB Top
of the Document
Series and collected works (new treatment): The MSR catalogers and the Music Division requested CPSO to maintain the status quo for items classed in M2 and M3 as a fundamental requirement for responsible access. As a result, materials in these classes are exempt from the general series treatment guidelines issued by the Library of Congress in 2006. These materials will be analyzed in full (for volumes which are analyzable) and classed as a collection.
CDMV Project: Multi-volume CDs were cataloged in FY06 in three distinct projects:
A total of 1,652 records were completed. An additional 1,935 second copies and surplus CDs were processed. This resulted in the clearing of 3,587 CDs from the vault.
Top
of Special Materials
JB Top
of the Document
Choral Music Octavos: 364 brief records were created for choral music octavos and Christmas cantatas, deposited under copyright 407 regulations. This work was done by one MSR cataloger, during the authorized overtime period in August and September. Most of this music had second copies, resulting in the clearing of over 700 pieces of music from the large collection of uncataloged “407 copyright deposits.”
Elimination of Book Backlog: In September 2006, two special projects were created to clear the book backlog as part of the Library Services-wide effort to address large caches of work-on-hand.
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the Document
Card Catalogs Inventory Project: Music catalogers examined the Music Card Catalogs in four separate initiatives over FY06:
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the Document
Music Division Special Collections records added to Voyager: (Apr.-May 2006) MSR catalogers provided 162 records for individual special collections in the Music Division. The bibliographic records for these collections have hyperlinks to online finding aids. This effort enabled the Music Division to include these collections as part of its initial offerings for its online Performing Arts Encyclopedia.
OvOp Sound Recordings: As one of the September Production Only Month projects, MSR 1-3 catalogers completed cataloging for 318 sound recordings from the overseas offices. This effort has reduced the OvOp sound recording backlog by half. In the future, National Audiovisual Conservation Center (NAVCC) staff will complete the cataloging for many of these items.
Popular Sheet Music Project: 496 brief records were created for popular sheet music by four Junior Fellows (210 records completed in July and early August) and one MSR1 cataloger (286 records completed working overtime in August and September). Almost all of this music had second copies, resulting in the clearing of nearly 1000 pieces of sheet music from the large collection of uncataloged “407 copyright deposits.”
Top
of Special Materials Top
of the Document
Ethnic Sound Recordings: MBRS defined ethnic sound recordings as a specific category of sound recordings requiring its own workflow. Previously handled as popular sound recordings covered by brief records, these recordings now, like classical sound recordings, require core-level bibliographic records. 600 CDs were given to SMCD in Apr. 2006. Of these, approximately 500 have had IBCs (using copied or resource records) created and await cataloger authority control. From here on, ethnic recordings will be selected by MBRS and sent to SMCD for this special workflow.
M1508 Sheet Music: The Music Division has approximately 44 boxes of M1508 (musical theater) sheet music. The vast majority of this is neither in Voyager nor in the Division’s card catalogs. We have established a pilot project to input song titles, show titles, composers, lyricists, and publication dates into an Access database (designed by NDMSO) from which will be created MARC records for Voyager and MODS records for the Performing Arts Encyclopedia. The MARC records will be collection level records (per show title) and the MODS records will be for individual songs. Public access to these records will occur as soon as production has reached a critical mass.
Secure Storage Facilities (SSF): Over the course of FY06, four secure vaults were erected in SMCD, three of them for the MSR teams. This called for the elimination of seven workstations in the MSR work area. All affected staff members have been assigned alternative workstations. Only one SSF had actually been finished and made operable by the end of FY06; the remaining three vaults are awaiting inspection by the Security Office. The MSR vaults will house all sound recordings as well as gold and platinum security items from the Music Division.
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the Document
Telework: Four technicians participated in FY06, producing 1,594 Popular CD titles. Guidelines for the Telework version of the CD Brief Workflow ? instructions, processing guidelines, and administrative details ? were posted on the MSR Cat Resources page. Two catalogers created new core bibliographic records and performed authority creation and file maintenance, producing 391 new titles, 343 new authorities, 16 authority records modified, and 18 bibliographic records modified.
ONGOING PROJECTS
All
Media Guide (AMG) Workflow: The
license agreement for the use of AMG metadata to populate LC sound recording
bibliographic records was completed and signed this year. SMCD worked with MBRS and Office of the
General Counsel to complete the process. The actual processing has begun as
described above under Purchased Metadata (AMG)
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the Document
Nijinska Collection: An MSR cataloger continued processing this manuscript collection devoted to the famous Russian dancer and choreographer. The sorting and identification of correspondence is 90% complete; the Music Division continues to work with photographs and clippings in the collection. Once these are completed a finding aid can be compiled.
SR Foreign Language Project: The purpose of this project is to provide brief level records of the sound recordings in most popular formats that are principally in non-Western languages and scripts. Catalogers and technicians from two separate divisions worked together to produce a total of 732 bibliographic records for CDs, 45 rpm, and 33 1/3 rpm discs in more than 14 languages, mostly in Persian (243), Vietnamese (105), and Kurdish (66). Other languages included Chinese, Ethiopic, German, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi, Korean, Russian, and Yiddish. Since the project's inception 2,378 foreign language sound recordings have been processed.
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the Document
COOPERATION/OUTREACH
Advisory Groups: Throughout the year MSR catalogers and technicians participate in three advisory groups:
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the Document
International Groups: MSR catalogers continued their participation in a number of international initiatives, including the following:
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the
Document
Junior Fellows (Summer 2006): The MSR teams hosted four Junior Fellows for ten weeks, June-July 2006: Jamene Brooks-Kieffer, Jeong Lee, Susan McCarrell, Kathryn Gutierrez. These very wonderful women cataloged very current materials coming from copyright deposit: sound recordings (primarily Spanish language popular music issued in series or as multi-parts) and popular sheet music published by Warner Brothers and by Hal Leonard. In addition they did a special project on cataloging music related to 9/11and assisted with a number of other projects. They created 678 bibliographic records accounting for 1,358 items.
LC Divisions: MSR catalogers and technicians furnished assistance to various LC units throughout the year, including the following:
Top
of Special Materials
Top
of the Document
Music Division Reference Services: Three MSR catalogers provided reference services for the Music Division upon request.
Music Division Strategic Planning: An MSR team leader assisted the Music Division in creating its Strategic Plan. A number of catalogers currently participate in various workgroups implemented by the Plan ? workgroups include the following:
NACO/SACO: Throughout FY06 MSR staff participated in Cooperative Programs in a number of capacities: 1) NACO Music bibliographic file maintenance ? 438 queries; 2) SACO subject proposal review ? ca. 60 proposals; 3) NACO membership review (2 institutions); 4) authorities training (2 MSR catalogers led classes); and 5) BIBCO annual meeting facilitation.
Top
of Special Materials
Top of the
Document
Network Development and MARC Standards Office: MSR management and cataloging staff participated in MARC Review Group meetings in preparation for MARBI meetings. Additionally, staff provided feedback to institutions submitting proposals either through correspondence or via Music Library Association contacts. Discussions particularly pertinent to MSR cataloging included the following: 1) Incorporation of Former Headings into MARC 21 Authority Records (Discussion Paper 2006-DP03R); 2) Defining separate subfields for language codes of Summaries/Abstracts and Subtitles/Captions in field 041 of the MARC 21 Bibliographic format (Discussion Paper 2006-DP06); 3) Definition of subfield $u (URI) in Field 852 (Location) in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Holdings Formats (Proposal 2006-07); 4) Changes to Accommodate IAML Coded Data in Fields 008/18-19 and 047 (Proposal 2006-01); 5) Changes to accommodate additional coded data in bibliographic field 008 (Discussion Paper 2006-DP02); and 6) Standardized terminology for access restrictions in field 506 in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format (Proposal 2005-06).
Top
of Special Materials
JB Top
of the Document
(Denise Gallo, Music Division)
Publications
and Conference Activities
Following the Strategic Planning initiative begun recently, the entire staff of the Division, together with representatives from the Special Materials Cataloging Division, have formed ten working groups and have started on activities that will positively impact and improve the full range of Division activities, including acquisitions and processing, reference, electronic access, concerts and public programs, outreach and education, space issues, and plans for a newly-configured Performing Arts Reading Room that also will accommodate reference services for motion pictures and sound recordings.
To alleviate a severe shortage of space in the book stacks,
the Division initiated the “Copy 2 Project,” in which second copies of class ML
items are selected and prepared for offsite storage at
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
This year, the Music Division launched four major web presentations:
In addition, special websites were launched on the themes of Ragtime and African-American Band Music and Recordings, 1883 to 1923. Almost ready for launch is a site dedicated to the hymn “Amazing Grace.”
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
The Music Division added significant numbers of single items and collections over the past year that both compliment and highlight the breadth and depth of the materials already found among our holdings. In addition to contemporary music scores secured through Copyright, we gained valuable rare materials through purchase and gift, enhancing areas for which we are especially well known. Our unsurpassed holdings of American music grew with the addition of new materials of Leonard Bernstein, Frederick Fennell, Roy Harris, and Oscar Hammerstein. As scholars are aware, our reputation as a leading repository for the music and correspondence of Johannes Brahms and Franz Liszt is long established, and we again increased our holdings of items relating to these two masters. Also, there were significant additions to our collection of first editions and copyists’ manuscripts of works of Handel.
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
Among the most important items acquired this year:
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
The Music Division cleared some 62,281 items from 21 special collections. In addition there were 12 new special collections, among them Frederick Fennell, David Lewin, Joseph Lamb, Hans Heinzheimer, and Jack Gottlieb. Additions were made to seven existing special collections, among them the Seeger(s), Ned Rorem, Oscar Hammerstein II, and Kriegsman. New finding aids for the collections of Artur Schnabel, Schnabel/LeGarrec, Robert Hall Lewis, Boris Koutzen, and the Whittall collection of Mendelssohn materials.
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
The Reader Services Section conducted more than 70 tours of the Performing Arts Reading Room and research orientations for nearly 1,000 visitors, including local college students and teachers, visiting scholars and librarians, and potential donors to the Library. Most tours included a display of music manuscripts.
In addition, the Music Division provided the following reference assistance. During the last fiscal year, totals were: 3,747 originated from the Library's web-based "QuestionPoint/Ask a Librarian" correspondence system or other e-mail; 3,541 received by telephone; 3,286 from personal visits by patrons to the Performing Arts Reading Room; and 287 inquiries posed by letter. There were more than 90,000 requests for material to be examined in the Performing Arts Reading Room.
The Division loaned some 53 items for exhibition loan to
Among the major exhibitions in which the Music Division
participated is “A Century of Creativity: The MacDowell Colony, 1907-2006,”
held from February through August 2007 in the Library’s
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
During FY2006, the Division substantially expanded its concert-related programs. Nearly all of the concerts featured an additional component, such as a pre-concert lecture, panel, or master class. Each concert featured a display in the Coolidge foyer of manuscripts and other materials from our holdings that relate to the concert. These activities serve to integrate for audiences the public programming and the collections and expertise in the staff. Special concert projects included a master class by Gunther Schuller for members of the U.S. Marine Band filmed for the Library of Congress website; Mirror of Tree, Mirror of Field: A Celebration of the Life and Music of Toru Takemitsu, including a concert, symposium, and eleven film screenings; and a Mozart Anniversary Celebration, offering six concerts and related pre-concert talks [Württemberg Chamber Orchestra, featuring a performance of the Mozart violin concerto, K. 219, for which the Library owns the manuscript; Casals Quartet; Kuijken Quartet; Czech Nonet; London Haydn Quartet; Cho-Liang Lin, violin, and André- Michel Schub, piano]
Concerts and related events included programs in the Song of America tour, concerts with related displays in Coolidge foyer, pre-concert presentations, a lecture-demonstration by Alan Mandel, and a master class conducted by Gunther Schuller
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
The Division continued conducting and
collecting oral histories of
composers and other noted figures in the performing arts, including Gunther
Schuller, Patricia Lamb
The Music Division has initiated the exploration of partnerships with institutions of higher learning to produce musical/educational programs in order to encourage research in the collections and performance opportunities. These partnership will support the Division’s goal to record and make perpetually available to audiences all of our public programs, as well as our goal to form partnerships with other institutions in order to share resources and expertise.
Top of Music Division Top of Document
In collaboration with the
The Division facilitated the filming by the Kita Nihan Broadcasting company of a television documentary on the Library’s Guarneri violin donated by Fritz Kreisler and its twin sister instrument (made from the same tree) on deposit at the Smithsonian and brought to the Library for the film production.
In collaboration with the American Federation of Violin and Bow Makers, the Music Division
planned and implemented the 25th anniversary meeting of the Federation at the
Library on
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
In the summer of 2006, artifacts
relating to the musical comedy Little Me went into the American Treasures exhibition.
Represented were the Tony Walton and the Fosse-Verdon Collections, both
in the custody of the Music Division. Cy
Feuer and Ernest Martin presented the original production of Little Me at the
Lunt-Fontanne Theatre in
In January 2007, Maestro Plácido Domingo and administrators of the Washington National Opera announced their 2007-2008 season at a press conference in the Library’s Coolidge Auditorium. Curators exhibited items related to the seven works to be produced during the season.
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
Publications
and Conference Activity
Music Division staff continued to make
frequent contributions to scholarly and popular publications in their areas of
specialization and also actively participated in national and international
scholarly conferences. Articles and
reviews by staff members appeared in Early Music
Staff members gave scholarly
papers at the international colloquium on The American and British Musical,
The Biennial Conference on Nineteenth-Century Music, the Society for American
Archivists, the National Council for Social Studies, and the annual meetings of
the American Musicological Society and The Music Library Association. Members
delivered lectures at
Top of Music Division Top of Document
Publications
include “A Partnership in Art: the
MacDowells and their Legacy.” In
Appointments:
Susan Vita was
appointed Chief of the Music Division on
Elizabeth Aldrich
was appointed Dance Curator on
Henry Grossi
retired from the position of Head of Reader Services on
Top of Music
Division
Top of Document
(Geraldine Ostrove -- CPSO section of LC’s
report to
DESCRIPTIVE
CATALOGING
SUBJECT CATALOGING
DATABASE IMPROVEMENT
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING
CONSER
standard record: The Policy Committee
of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) has endorsed the
recommendations of the final reports submitted by the Access Level Record for
Serials Working Group and the Working Group on Authentication Codes and
Encoding Levels for Serials and Integrating Resources. The implementation of the CONSER standard
record will occur in two stages. The date for the first stage has been set for
Non-roman
data in authority records: The
Library of Congress has initiated discussions with major authority record
exchange partners (OCLC, British Library, National Library of Medicine, Library
and Archives Canada) to outline the steps necessary to provide non-Roman data
in authority records issued as part of the LC/NAF. An early agreement has been reached to use
the "regular" MARC 21 tags for including non-Roman data (e.g., 4XX,
7XX) in authority records, rather than paired "regular" and 880
fields that is the current model for bibliographic record exchange. A proposed model for when and how to record
non-Roman forms of established headings, and a timeline for including the data
in NACO distributions are currently under discussion. LC and the NACO partners will release information
on this timeline as it becomes available.
PCC series training: Series training will be offered for PCC participants at LC in May 2007.
RDA meetings with U.S. national libraries: Barbara Tillett, CPSO chief and LC’s representative to the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (JSC), met with cataloging managers from the National Agricultural Library and the National Library of Medicine to update them on developments related to the new code under development, RDA: Resource Description and Access, after the JSC meeting at LC in October. Future meetings will be held to keep all informed about RDA developments and to plan the implementation of RDA at the national libraries.
SUBJECT CATALOGING
Changes to subject headings for God: Recognizing the increased diversity in religious backgrounds of Americans and other populations that use LCSH, CPSO revised the headings for God to provide a distinction in access between general and comparative works (under the unqualified heading God) and works from a Christian perspective (under the heading God (Christianity)). These revisions provide a uniform treatment for the concept in all religions, since the headings for other religions were already established as God (Islam); God (Judaism); etc.
Library of Congress
Classification: Available in 2007
will be new editions of E-F (History: American (
Classification Web: CPSO has recently completed a project to add Chinese characters to the names of individual authors listed in PL2661-2979 in the Library of Congress Classification. For most authors, both the traditional and simplified Chinese characters are provided in addition to the Romanized name. As new authors are added in the future, both the Romanized and Chinese forms will be supplied. CPSO gratefully acknowledges the generous assistance of James K. Lin, Liang-yuh Tang, and Chiun Kwan Chau, of the staff of the Harvard-Yenching Library, in completing this project. Thanks to the work of Lucas Graves, CPSO has started a project to include Greek characters in PA3818-PA4505 (Greek literature?Individual authors to 600 A.D.)
New LC classification
proposal system: A new automated
system for submitting classification proposals and producing the Library of
Congress Classification Weekly Lists was implemented on
Form/genre
headings:
DATABASE IMPROVEMENT
Database
improvement unit: Under the
direction of the Subject Headings Editorial Team leader, the database
improvement unit has updated approximately 875,000 records since the unit was
formed on
(Catherine Hiebert
Kerst, Folklife Specialist/Archivist,
During 2006, almost half a million items were added to the
KEY ACQUISITIONS
PROCESSING AND CATALOGING
PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, & PUBLIC EVENTS HELD DURING 2006
KEY ACQUISITIONS
The
The David Hoffman Collection of Bascom Lamar Lunsford Films and Recordings: This collection was created in connection with Hoffman’s 1964 documentary film about Bascom Lamar Lunsford, Music Makers of the Blue Ridge. It consists of 16mm-film footage, video copies of the film in various formats, open-reel audiotapes containing interviews and soundtracks, DAT copies of the audiotapes, photographs and manuscript materials.
The Donald and David Johnson
Collection of Huddie Ledbetter Recordings: Donald and David Johnson donated
an instantaneous-disc recording made by Huddie “Lead Belly” Ledbetter, on
The David Lewiston Collection:
This collection represents the results of David Lewiston’s fieldwork between
1966 and 2000, including recordings of traditional music he made in
The National Council for Traditional Arts Collection, increment: During 2006, the AFC acquired an increment of the National Council for the Traditional Arts Collection, which comprises 69,851 digital files of sound recordings of traditional artists who performed at the National Folk Festival and other events sponsored by NCTA, along with data about the performers and their performances.
The StoryCorps Collection, increment: AFC acquired an initial increment of the StoryCorps Collection, including 8182 born-digital files of first-person narratives on a variety of topics that were collected by the StoryCorps Project; with photographs and of the story-tellers and interviewers.
The Sol Biderman Collection of Brazilian Chapbooks (Literatura de Cordel): The collection includes printed Brazilian chapbooks, woodcut engravings, photographs and illustrations, recordings of Brazilian music, and manuscript items comprising Chicano corridos and poems.
The Tôru Mitsui Collection of Folksong and
The Pete and Toshi Seeger Interview:
This collection consists of videotape that documents an extensive interview
with Pete and Toshi Seeger that was conducted at the Library of Congress on
The Mary Sheppard Burton Collection:
A collection of 12 polychrome hand-hooked rugs designed and made by Mary
Sheppard Burton of
PROCESSING AND
CATALOGING
During 2006, the Center’s processing staff completed the processing of the following collections that include music, which also have MARC records in the LC Online Catalog:
· Alan Lomax and George Pullen Jackson Collection of Sacred Harp Music (AFC 1943/004)
·
Alan Lomax Recordings from
·
Alan Lomax Recordings from
·
Alan Lomax Recordings of
· Alex Kellam Collection (AFC 1977/008)
· Alfred A. Pinkston Collection of African American Religious Songs (AFC 1977/026)
· American Indian Music and Dance Troupe Concert Collection, (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/033)
· Anjani Ambegaokar Concert Collection, (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/031)
·
Art Rosenbaum Collection of fiddle music from
· Audubon Expedition Institute songbook (AFC 1976/004)
·
·
Brownie McNeil Collection of
· Captain Pearl R. Nye Collection (AFC 1937/002)
· The Carter Family: Traditional Sources for Song, 1976 / by Margaret Anne Bulger (AFC 1979/012)
· Center for Southern Folklore Collection of Chapman family Recordings (AFC 1977/023)
· Chang Yu-Chen Chinese opera video Collection (AFC 2005/003)
· David Brinkley Interview of Duncan Emrich (AFC 1948/034)
· David Holt Recordings Collection (AFC 1977/013)
·
Don Roy Trio and
· Donald and David Johnson Collection of Huddie Ledbetter Recordings (AFC 2005/017)
· Dorothy Howard Duplication Project Collection (AFC 1977/030)
·
Ella May
· Elsie Fardig Collection of Bahamian Recordings (AFC 1977/029)
· Encyclopedia: Traditional Music and Folk Songs of the United States 1979 / compiled by Richard Riley Shepard (AFC 1979/008)
· Evelyn Yellow Robe Collection of Sioux Indian songs and stories (AFC 1977/021)
· Folkways-Smithsonian Book of American Folksongs / by Roger D. Abrahams (AFC 2005/011)
· Franklin G. Smith lecture on military folk music (AFC 1977/035)
· Gerry Grcevich and his orchestra concert and interview Collection (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/034)
· Harold Reeves and Russell Wood Collection of Gullah Recordings (AFC 1959/006)
· If I'd Been Polish, I Guess I'd Be Playing Polkas : An Examination of the Social Contexts of Traditional Irish Music in Rochester, New York, 1976 / by George Michael Stoner (AFC 1979/016)
· Isabel Gordon Carter Collection (AFC 2005/004)
· Jeff Todd Titon Duplication Project Collection (AFC 1977/032)
· John Garst Duplication Project Collection (AFC 1977/024)
·
John Henry Faulk Collection of
· John McCutcheon Duplication Project Collection (AFC 1977/027)
· John Q. Anderson Exchange Project Collection (AFC 1959/007)
· Juana Cristoloveanu Collection of Basque Music (AFC 1955/006)
· Juana Cristoloveanu Collection of Turkish Music (AFC 1955/003)
· Judith Blank Collection of African American children's songs (AFC 1977/036)
· Julius Lester and Worth Long Collection of Two-Part Gospel Singing (AFC 1977/018)
· Ken Lindsay Collection of Woody Guthrie Correspondence (AFC 2005/006)
· Literatura de Cordel Brazilian Chapbook Collection (AFC 1970/002)
· The Lyrics of Race Record Blues, 1920-1942: A Semantic Approach to the Structural Analysis of a Formulaic System, 1977 / by Michael Ernest Taft (AFC 2004/012)
· Mary Elizabeth Barnicle-Cadle Recordings Collection (AFC 1977/016)
·
Mary Hippard Collection of
·
· Mike Seeger Collection of Earl Scruggs, Don Reno, and Sam Bowles Recordings (AFC 1977/015)
·
· Nadeem Dlaikan and the Dearborn Traditional Ensemble concert and interview Collection (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/032)
· Norman and Nancy Blake Concert Collection (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/026)
· Oinkari Basque Dancers Concert Collection (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/029)
· Old-Time Fiddle Appalachian Style with Alan Jabbour (AFC 2003/017)
· Olive Dame Campbell Recording Collection (AFC 1959/003)
·
· Pat Dunford Duplication Project Collection (AFC 1977/020)
· The Paschall Brothers Concert Collection (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/028)
· Paul Gilson Interview of Duncan Emrich (AFC 1948/033)
· Peggy V. Beck Collection on New Mexican Midwinter Masquerades (AFC 2005/005)
· Phong Nguyen Ensemble Concert and Interview Collection (Homegrown 2004 Concert Series) (AFC 2004/030)
· Sacred Steel: The Steel Guitar Tradition of the House of God Churches by the Arhoolie Foundation (AFC 2001/022)
· Sam Hinton Collection (AFC 1948/050)
·
A Study of the
· Sue Pearl Williams Collection (AFC 1977/034)
·
Toru Mitsui Collection of Folksong and
· Tsikaya Project Collection (AFC 2005/013)
· William Miller Collection of Indian Creek Delta Boys Recordings (AFC 1977/037)
·
Women of Old-Time Music: Tradition and Change
in the
During 2006, EAD finding aids were created by AFC processing staff for the following 8 collections:
· American Dialect Society Collection (AFC 1984/011)
· American Folk Blues Festival Photograph Collection, 1962-1965 (AFC 2003/050)
· David Dunaway Collection of Interviews with Pete Seeger and Contemporaries (AFC 2000/019)
· Fletcher Collins Jr. Collection (AFC 1939/003)
· Four Masters of Chinese Storytelling Video Collection (AFC 2004/021)
· Ken Lindsay Collection of Woody Guthrie Correspondence (AFC 2005/006)
· Penne Laingen Yellow Ribbon Collection (AFC 1991/017)
· Sergei Zhirkevich Photograph Collection (AFC 2000/026)
PROGRAMS, PROJECTS,
& PUBLIC EVENTS HELD DURING 2006
Alan Lomax Symposium: From January 18-20, the AFC held a symposium entitled The Lomax Legacy: Folklore in a Globalizing Century, which consisted of two days of lectures, panel presentations, concerts, and film screenings, highlighting the division’s 2004 acquisition of the Alan Lomax Collection. There are plans to publish the symposium papers as a special issue of The Journal of Folklore Research.
Card Catalog Conversion: The AFC continued digitizing its 34,000-item card catalog of early field recordings (1933-1961). The AFC is using a database for capture of the information, which will result in an online, searchable catalog accessible to the public.
Ethnographic Thesaurus: During 2006, the AFC continued its participation in creating the Ethnographic Thesaurus (ET), a comprehensive controlled list of subject terms to be used in describing ethnographic and ethnomusicological research collections. The ET is a cooperative project of the American Folklore Society and the AFC and is currently in its last year of development. Support for the project is provided through a generous three-year grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to create an ethnographic thesaurus. For additional information about the Ethnographic Thesaurus, go to the ET website at: http://www.afsnet.org/~thesaurus/
SAA Pre-Conference Symposium: On
August 2, a pre-conference symposium held in connection with the 2006 annual
meeting of the Society of American Archivists held in
Homegrown
Concert Series is an ongoing project of the AFC to document the best folk
and traditional performing artists in the
·
April 12: David & Levon Ayriyan (Armenian
Music from
·
May 23: James "Super Chikan" Johnson
& Richard Christman (Blues Guitar from
·
June 21: The River Boys Polka Band (Dutch Hop
Polka Music from
·
July 26: Natasinh Dancers & Musicians (Lao
Music and Dance from
·
August 16: Mary Louise Defender Wilson &
Keith Bear (Sioux and
·
September 13: Doyle Lawson and Quicksilver (
·
October 18: Sonny Burgess and the Pacers
(Rockabilly Music from
·
November 15: The Gannon Family (Irish Music and
Dance from
The AFC’s Benjamin Botkin Folklife Lecture Series offers scholarly lectures that are free and open to the public. Botkin Lectures in 2006 focusing on musical traditions included:
· May 31: "Facing the Music: Traditional Culture and Copyright," by Dr. Bryan Bachner.
·
July 27: "Not the Same Old (Folk) Song and
Dance: Field Recordings in the European Communities of the
·
August 3: A Special Presentation: "Politics
and Poetics: Fieldwork in
· Congressional Relations Office (CRO)
·
Congressional Focus on the Library
· Office of Security and Emergency Preparedness
LIBRARY SERVICES
1) Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control
2) ACQUISITIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACCESS DIRECTORATE
b) African/Asian Acquisitions and Overseas Operations Division
c) Bibliographic Enrichment Activities Team (BEAT)
d) Cataloging in Publication (CIP)
e) ECIP Replaces Conventional CIP Program
f) Cooperative Cataloging Programs
h) Bibliographic Access Divisions and Serial Record Division Production
3) COLLECTIONS AND SERVICES DIRECTORATE
a) Collections Access, Loan, and Management Division (CALM)
b) Digital Reference Team (DRT)
4) PARTNERSHIPS AND OUTREACH PROGRAMS DIRECTORATE
b)
Interpretative Programs Office
c) National
Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS)
i)
Digital Talking Books: Updated business plan published
ii)
Usability tests near completion
iii)
Playback machine transition
iv)
Web-Braille
a)
IFLA PAC Center
Initiatives
b) NEH Digitizing Sound Initiative
c) Conservation Division Highlights
ii) Wax Cylinders
d) Preservation
Reformatting Division (PRD)
e) Preservation
Research and Testing Division Highlights
i)
Digital Media
Research Program: Longevity of CDs and DVDs
ii)
Digital Data
Archiving Program
iii)
Audio/Visual Media
Research Program: Magnetic Media Identification
and Deterioration
iv) Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Inventory Control and Security Devices Project
6) TECHNOLOGY POLICY DIRECTORATE
a)
Electronic Resource
Management System (ERMS)
b)
Find It , LC’s OpenURL Resolver
c) Integrated Library System Program Office
d)
LC EAD (Encoded Archival
Description) Archival Finding Aids
e)
LC Persistent
Identifiers using info:lccn
g) Network Development and MARC Standards Office (NDMSO)
i) METS
(<http://www.loc.gov/mets>) and Digital Library Standards Prototyping
ii) MARC
21 (<http://www.loc.gov/marc>) and MARCXML (<http://www.loc.gov/marcxml>)
iv)
MODS (<http://www.loc.gov/mods>) and MADS (<http://www.loc.gov/mads>)
v)
PREMIS
vi)
SRU and Z39.50
Information Retrieval
vii)
Unicode and MARC
OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN
Congressional Relations Office (CRO): The Library will be seeking reauthorization for the National Sound Recording Preservation Program during the 110th Congress; current authorization expires in 2008.
Top General
News Top of Document
Congressional focus on the Library. The Library
will invite Members to the Kissinger lecture on
National Book Festival. The
sixth annual National Book Festival, co-sponsored by the Library and First Lady
Laura Bush, took place on the National Mall
Top General
News Top of Document
Office of Security and Emergency Preparedness. The Office of Security and Emergency Preparedness (OSEP) continued developing the Library’s security program, focusing especially on building the Emergency Preparedness Program. OSEP coordinated distribution of shelter-in-place supplies for key locations and distribution of new escape hoods approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The Library’s enhanced public address system is being installed in the Library’s Capitol Hill buildings and is expected to be operational by mid-2007.
OSEP and the Collections Security Oversight Committee continued strengthening the Library’s collections security program through the Strategic Plan for Safeguarding the Collections, which integrates physical security, preservation, and inventory management controls protecting the Library’s collections; the Site Assistance Visit program; and the staff and patron security Web sites. OSEP staff members collaborate with counterparts in national and international organizations concerning security and emergency preparedness.
OSEP coordinated completion of additional major security
enhancements at the Library’s three main buildings on Capitol Hill under the
Library’s 1999 Security Enhancement Implementation Plan, which consisted of
three components: law enforcement enhancements; command and control; and entry
and perimeter security. In preparation for the connection of the Library of
Congress with the new
Top General
News Top of Document
Associate
Librarian for Library Services Deanna Marcum has convened a Working Group on
the Future of Bibliographic Control to examine the future of bibliographic
description in the 21st century. Composed of leading managers of
libraries, library organizations, OCLC, Inc., Google, Inc., and Microsoft,
Inc., the working group is chaired by José-Marie Griffiths, dean of the
The
working group met for the first time on
In
July or August, after the three meetings have taken place, the Working Group
will meet again to draft a report and recommendations by
Top General News Top of Document
In fiscal year 2006, ABA
cataloged a total of 346,182 bibliographic volumes (new works, added volumes,
and items added to collection-level records), the highest total in its history,
representing an increase of more than ten per cent over the 312,818
bibliographic volumes cataloged in fiscal 2005. This was the second year in a
row that the
Top General News Top of Document
Top General
News Top of Document
African/Asian
Acquisitions and Overseas Operations Division.
Michael Albin, former field director of the Cairo Office and former
chief of the Anglo-American Acquisitions Division (at the time of his
retirement) has agreed to come back to the Library for 120 days as acting field
director of the Cairo Office, beginning in October 2006. Linda Stubbs, acting
chief of the Special Materials Cataloging Division, began a detail for 120 days
as acting field director in
Bibliographic
Enrichment Activities Team (BEAT) Staff in
The
BEAT team originated the project to reclassify and provide significantly
improved access to tens of thousands of pre-1970 Congressional hearings and
move them to the custody of the Law Library of Congress, resulting in improved
service to the Congress, centralized availability of information that was
widely dispersed throughout the Library’s collections, modernization and
uniformity of catalog formats for the hearings, and addition or inclusion of
other information, such as the existence and location of alternate data
sources. In July 2006, Google, Inc., began to digitize the reclassified
hearings for the Law Library, a project that builds on the successful BEAT
project.
Top General
News Top of Document
Cataloging in
Publication (CIP) CIP staff met with members of the CIP
Advisory Group to discuss a draft of Poised for Change: Survey Findings and
Recommendations of the CIP Review Group. The CAG meeting was
Since
1971, the CIP program has provided libraries, publishers, booksellers, and the
information community over a million catalog records?all conforming to the
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and MARC standards. While the CIP program has
grown significantly over the years, the resources that support it have not.
Given limited resources and dramatic changes in information technology, it is
essential to appraise the program to determine its future. To do this the CIP
Division designed three separate surveys to gather input from customers of the
Library’s MARC Distribution Services, the publisher community, and the American
library community. All surveys were complete by
Top General
News Top of Document
ECIP Replaces Conventional CIP Program. Effective January 2007, the
conventional (paper) program ceased to be a standard mode for obtaining Library
of Congress Cataloging in Publication (CIP) data. The electronic CIP (ECIP)
program became the standard. Paper applications are now restricted to the
following:
Paper
applications that do not meet these criteria will be returned to the publisher.
The CIP publisher liaison staff will assist publishers in making the transition
to the electronic mode (<http://cip.loc.gov/>).
Publishers unable to participate in the ECIP program should consider the
Electronic Preassigned Control Number program (<http://pcn.loc.gov/>)
as an alternative.
Top General
News Top of Document
Cooperative
Cataloging Programs. In fiscal year 2006, Program for Cooperative
Cataloging members (numbering over 500 institutions around the world) created
175,328 new name authorities and 9,865 new series authorities through NACO, the
program’s name authority component. In
A
large part of the PCC secretariat’s energies was absorbed over the past year by
“PCC 2010,” the PCC initiative to compose new strategic directions for the
program.
The five strategic directions are:
1) Be a forward thinking, influential leader
in the global metadata community
2) Redefine the common enterprise
3) Build on, and expand, partnerships and
collaborations in support of the common
enterprise
4) Pursue globalization
5) Lead in the education and training of
catalogers
The
merger of the Research Libraries Group (RLG) and OCLC, Inc., and resulting changes
in the workflow environment led to a broad re-evaluation of the PCC program’s
goals and activities. This required extensive re-writing of documentation;
liaison work with CDS and OCLC to ensure uninterrupted data flow as former RLG
members began to switch to OCLC as their contributor platform; and large-scale
editing of the PCC Web site, which is maintained by the Library of Congress.
The
International
participants now number 72 members on all continents, in funnels or as
independent participants, in NACO,
Staff
at several University of California (UC) campuses developed a CONSER
bibliographic funnel, assisted by the
Top General News Top of Document
Shelf-Ready
Projects. The ABA Directorate continued to make use of
selected external sources of data for cataloging. The Casalini Shelf-Ready
Project, which began as a pilot in fiscal 2004, was in full production and
proceeded smoothly throughout the year. For payments totaling $350,000, the
Library’s Italian book dealer, Casalini Libri, provided core-level cataloging
and digital tables of contents for 4,140 books that the Library purchased from
Casalini. When the books arrived, they could be processed on receipt by
acquisitions staff and sent directly to the Collections Access, Loan, and
Management Division or to Binding and Collections Care, as needed.
Staff
of RCCD, AFAOVOP, and the Asian Division planned and coordinated a successful
dealer selection and cataloging experiment with the Japanese vendor Kinokuniya.
The experiment may lead to continued provision of material and bibliographic
data by Kinokuniya in the future.
To
address concerns from the larger community about new uses of commercial data,
the director for
Top General
News Top of Document
|
Bibliographic
Records Completed |
FY06 |
FY05 |
|
Full/Core Original |
199,223 |
185,531 |
|
Collection-Level Cataloging |
4,134 |
4,441 |
|
Copy cataloging |
71,312 |
55,925 |
|
Minimal level cataloging |
53,618 |
28,993 |
|
Total records completed |
328,287 |
277,453 |
|
Total volumes cataloged |
346,182 |
312,818 |
|
Authority
Work |
|
|
|
|
New name authority records |
FY06 |
FY05 |
|
|
New series authority records |
6,969* |
9,056 |
|
|
New LC Classification numbers |
1,534 |
1,742 |
|
|
New Library of Congress Subject Headings |
6,692 |
6,678 |
|
|
Total authority records created |
112,587 |
106,304 |
|
*Production
of series authority records ceased on
Top General
News Top of Document
Jeremy
Adamson became acting director for Collections and Services on
Top General
News Top of Document
Collections
Access, Loan, and Management Division (CALM) The Special Search
staff in CALM completed a highly successful transition from accepting paper
special search requests to an online Web form available to Library staff and
researchers. The Web form allows for complete tracking of the request from the
original request to completion and closing of the request. Researchers who
prefer not to submit an email address can continue to receive the response by
surface mail. The Special Search Section responded to 2,880 inquiries through
the online special search request form in fiscal 2006.
Advance
reserve service continued its steady growth. Through this program, researchers
from outside the metropolitan
Progress
continues in the Library’s remote storage facility at
The
Library began to occupy Module 2 on
As
more and more items are stored at the facility, the number of items requested
daily from the facility also increased. A total of 12,469 requests were
received and responded to during fiscal 2006. The response success rate
remained at 100 percent.
Top General
News Top of Document
Digital
Reference Team (DRT) The Digital Reference Team, serving as the
public interface for the Library’s digital collections, presented 208
videoconferences to 1,790 participants and 26 web conferences that served 171
participants. Onsite presentations and workshops totaled 56, to more than 1,005
participants in fiscal year 2006. The Digital Reference Team (DRT) answered a
total of 19,428 Ask-A-Librarian webform inquiries during the year and held
1,379 chat sessions.
Ten
Web conference workshop opportunities are published on the web at <http://www.cilc.org/search_program/aspx
-- select “Library of Congress” from the Content Provider: drop-down
menu>. These web conferences form part of a monthly schedule for web
conferences hosted by The Center for Interactive Learning and Collaboration.
The web conferences are: Sleuthing with Maps; Interest Fact or Fiction: Web
Site Evaluation Strategies; To Light Us To Freedom, and Glory Again! Civil War
Poetry with a Purpose; Analyzing Primary Sources; Congress Present: Using
THOMAS; Gathering Community Stories; Library of Congress ONLINE!; Make It &
Take It; and Treasure Hunting. Web conference workshops and presentations were
offered through Online Programming for All Libraries at <http://www.opal-online.org/progschrono.htm>.
The Online Programming for All Libraries organization targets the audience
using screen readers and other accommodations. The list of OPAL Web conferences
and discussions includes Recipes & Cookbooks: A (Tasty?) Window Into Our
Past; Family Reunions: Exploring Your Roots; Poetry On High: A History of
The
DRT has created webguides to complement new LC exhibits, the appointment of the
Poet Laureate, and the Web conferences. Examples include Finding Franklin:
A Resource Guide, Guide to the American Revolution, 1763-1783, Guide
to Materials for Rosa Parks, Guide to Harlem Renaissance Materials,
and Donald Hall: Online Resources; a complete list is at <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/bibguide.html>.
For
brief updates on other divisions in the Collections and Services Directorate
(European Division, Federal Research Division (FRD), Geography and Map Division,
Hispanic Division, Humanities and Social Sciences Division, Manuscript
Division, Prints and Photographs Division, and Serial and Government
Publications Division) please see the ALA 2007 Midwinter Meeting briefing at: http://www.loc.gov/ala/mw-2007-update.html
Top General
News Top of Document
Partnerships
and Outreach Programs Directorate
Center for the
Book. The Center for the Book is the reading,
literacy and library promotion arm of the Library of Congress; it also
encourages the scholarly study of books and print culture. The center
frequently hosts public programs at the Library of Congress and has stimulated
the creation of two national reading promotion networks: affiliated centers in
50 states and the
The
center’s Web site at <http://www.loc.gov/cfbook/>
provides information about its projects, forthcoming events at the Library of
Congress, including the National Book Festival; state center affiliates and
their programs; organizational partners in the U.S. and overseas; storytelling
festivals; community “One Book” reading and discussion programs; and other
literary events taking place across the U.S. Specifics also are included about
projects such as Letters About Literature, Reading Powers the Mind, River of
Words, and Read More About It.
Top General
News Top of Document
Interpretative Programs Office. American Treasures of the Library of Congress reopened on
Much of the Office’s effort in 2006 and 2007 has focused on preparing the New Visitor Experience for the large number of visitors to the Library anticipated when the U.S. Capitol Visitors Center opens in 2008. The Office has worked with the custodial divisions, Visitor Services Office, Preservation Directorate, Office of the Librarian, the Library’s enabling infrastructure units, and the Architect of the Capitol to develop an experience that will help visitors to become lifelong Library users.
Top General
News Top of Document
National
Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS)
Digital
Talking Books: Updated business plan published.
NLS continued to move forward in its ten-year plan to develop digital
systems and services, following the steps outlined in Digital Talking
Books: Planning for the Future (1998) and detailed in the Current
Strategic Business Plan for the Implementation of Digital Systems (2003).
The plan guides the phase-in of digital talking-book playback machines (DTBMs)
and media and the gradual phase-out of obsolescent analog cassette-based
service and equipment. In September 2006, NLS published a supplemental edition
of the Strategic Business Plan that detailed accomplishments and
current and future activities in light of the experiences of the past three
years.
Top General News Top of Document
Usability tests near
completion. NLS
completed a series of eight usability tests to validate the new digital
talking-book (DTB) system requirements and reveal unanticipated problems in
everyday use. A functional digital talking book machine (DTBM) prototype is in
the last stages of refinement and will lead to the production of working models
for field-testing early in 2007. NLS has confirmed that machine and cartridge
models are pleasing to all types of users and that the physical design and
layout of controls are nearly optimal. Users approved the flash-memory book
cartridge, large-print and braille labeling, and the system’s superior sound
quality. Machines and cartridges were tested under a variety of
circumstances?in network libraries as well as private homes, in rehabilitation
and long-term care facilities, and in retirement communities. In addition to
administering the tests, the contractor interviewed library staff and repair
personnel at network libraries.
Top General News Top of Document
Playback machine
transition. A
comprehensive Playback Machine Transition Study addressed phasing out cassette
machines and phasing in DTBMs. The study determined that production of the
C1?the most popular and widely distributed NLS cassette machine?should be
discontinued after mid-2007. To offset the end of production, the study
recommended that NLS intensify its cassette book machine repair capacity as
soon as possible.
Top General News Top of Document
Web-Braille. Web-Braille,
NLS's Internet-based service that provides in electronic format thousands of
braille books, music scores, and magazines produced by NLS, has continued to
grow during its seventh year. The Web-Braille site is password protected, and
all files are in an electronic form of contracted braille, requiring the use of
special equipment to gain access. Web-Braille offers more than 7,000 titles
from the national collection, 600 music scores, 29 NLS-produced magazines, and
6 sports schedules. Local books and magazines provided by 8 regional libraries
are also available. The number of users now exceeds 4,000 and continues to
grow.
Outreach
projects. Under contract to NLS, the international
public relations firm Fleishman-Hillard, Inc., continued to implement strategic
communications initiatives aimed at expanding public awareness of the service
among potential patrons around the country, especially among key audiences such
as seniors, veterans, and underserved segments of the African American, Native
American, and Spanish-speaking communities.
The monthly newsletter about the
digital transition, NLS Flash, is in its second year of publication. Flash
is published in multiple formats and is available online. The newsletter,
together with regionally specific press releases, has sparked coverage of NLS
in major media outlets across the country.
The national toll-free
“talking-book line”--1-888-NLS-READ (1-888-657-7323)--that was initiated in
2005 has drawn significant numbers of new inquiries. The voice-prompt telephone
system provides callers with basic program information and eligibility
requirements and then directs them seamlessly to their nearest regional
library.
Top General News Top of Document
Preservation
Directorate
The Preservation Directorate
received approval to hire new scientists to oversee Library Services’ programs
for traditional, audio-visual, and digital collection materials in the
Preservation Research and Testing Division.
The Preservation Research and
Testing Division began accumulating preliminary data from the installation of
new equipment financed by reallocation of funds at the close of the last fiscal
year. Examples of projects using the new equipment: Identification of
mechanisms responsible for sticky shed in audiotapes, using a gel permeation
chromatograph / viscometer; discovery of contaminants in polyester film
produced through outsourcing, detected by direct analysis real time mass
spectroscopy; screening for pesticides such as arsenic on collections, using a
hand-held x-ray fluorescence analyzer; and tracking the rate of hydrolytic
deterioration in real time at a microscopic level in magnetic and other media
using an environmental scanning electron microscope.
In fiscal 2006, the Preservation
Directorate completed over 10,472,480 assessments, treatments, rehousings, and
reformatting for books, paper, photographs, audio-visual and other items, including
Chinese rubbings and George Washington’s obituary. Through the coordinated
efforts of the Directorate’s divisions and programs, over 7,688,900 items were
repaired, mass deacidified, or microfilmed or otherwise reformatted. This
represents an increase of 7.6 percent over fiscal 2005.
In fiscal 2006 the Directorate
hosted 9 fellows and interns, including 2 Chesapeake Information and Research
Libraries Alliance (CIRLA) Fellows, 2 Hispanic Association of Colleges and
Universities (HACU) Interns, and 4 otherwise funded Fellows.
Top General News Top of Document
In its role as the
Following the advent of
Hurricane Katrina, the Directorate held 6 salvage workshops at LC and trained
44 librarians from LC and 30 from 19 outside agencies (e.g. Senate, Treasury,
Census, Navy, Army, Mint) the basics of collections recovery, free of charge.
At an offsite workshop in
Top General News Top of Document
NEH Digitizing Sound
Initiative. The Department of Energy’s Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) developed and delivered a prototype 2-D
scanner to the Library for evaluation, in compliance with the “Image,
Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.” (IRENE) project, which aims to make the
contents of shattered or damaged sound media retrievable. The prototype, which
is now being tested for fidelity, will minimize scan time to image lateral (side-to-side)
groove disc media using high-resolution digital microphotography in two
dimensions (2-D) to provide quality reproduction. By quickly producing an audio
file, the prototype addresses the mass digitization needs of major collections.
Since it cannot measure the third dimension, a research project has been
designed to develop the ability for 3-D scanning that can preserve audio on
vertically cut cylinders, media with poorly defined groove geometry such as
dictation belts, and the full groove profile of discs, which could lead to
higher fidelity audio reproduction. Sources to fund this project are being
sought.
Top General News Top of Document
Conservation Division Highlights:
Of great significance to the
worlds of music and dance, the Martha Graham copy of Aaron Copland’s Appalachian
Spring with Graham’s choreographic notations was treated for the Music
Division. Conservators treated selected rare books from the Dayton C. Miller
Collection on the flute from the 14th to 20th centuries and the
Bradbury Album. Prints and Photographs Division holdings treatments included a
major collection of Herblock political cartoons, salted paper prints from the
Roger Fenton Crimean War holdings, and a lithograph by William Gropper of
“Bowery Job Hunters.”
Staff of the Preventive
Conservation Section completed the final year of a five-year MDEP project to
preserve at-risk collections on the Library of Congress Capitol Hill facilities
(i.e., Adams, Jefferson, and Madison buildings). Using existing resources,
conservators and technicians treated an additional 113 bound volumes, 268
photographs, and 918 paper-based items for a total of 1,299 items, as well as
providing custom housing to 77,657 paper items. Staff also constructed special
protective boxes for an additional 5,435 items. Rehoused items included bound
volumes, palm leaf manuscripts, glass plate negatives, photographs, and
pre-Columbian artifacts.
Top General News Top of Document
Environmental monitoring. Staff members
collected and analyzed environmental data with a focus on identifying the
greatest risks to collections in collections storage areas. Focusing on chemical
deterioration from a combination of high temperature and relative humidity and
physical damage from excessively dry or highly fluctuating conditions, staff
continuously monitored the environments in all three buildings on Capitol Hill,
as well as the Library’s buildings in Landover, MD; Culpeper, VA; and Fort
Meade, MD. Conservators managed and analyzed the resulting data from over 90
Preservation Environmental Monitors (PEM) to provide a comprehensive view of
the threats to and life expectancy of all Library holdings. The Preservation
Directorate is now planning for the implementation of a web-based environmental
monitoring system that will allow multiple user access from many sites.
Staff completed the final phase
of a three-year MDEP initiative to prepare collections for their movement to
two remote storage centers: the National Audiovisual Conservation Center
(NAVCC) in
For these moves, staff rehoused
77,657 fragile paper collections, constructed protective boxes for 5,435 books,
stabilized 918 fragile paper based items, 268 photographs, and 113 volumes;
assessed and surveyed 130,960 items, and offered consultations and guidance on
preparations of collections for the relocations and new storage spaces.
Top General News Top of Document
Wax
Cylinders. Technicians working with a contracted mover,
and MBRS rehoused, assessed and labeled 6,000 rare and highly valuable wax
cylinders in less than six months in preparation for their relocation to the
Library’s new National Audiovisual Conservation Center (NAVCC) in
The first Library of Congress
Conservation Division laboratory protocols for the treatment of materials
created or notated with corrosive iron gall ink were developed. Widely used by
artists, authors, secular and religious authorities, and the general public for
all kinds of works from the 1400s to the present, iron gall ink poses
significant preservation problems for archives, libraries, and museums
worldwide. Staff also undertook a research project on 16th century colorants,
specifically blue inks, found on documents manufactured in the Spanish colonies
of present-day
Top General News Top of Document
In
fiscal 2006, PRD successfully converted 5,865,061 units (e.g. print pages,
photographs, posters), a 25 percent increase over the fiscal 2005 level, of
Library material through a combination of preservation microfilming (5,809,544
pages or 3,295,852 exposures), preservation facsimile (3,557 pages or 21
volumes), digitization (46,656 pages, 132,752 files, or 2,091 works), and other
preservation photographic reproductions (796 images and 4,508 acetate microfilm
reels) for service to Congress and the public. The Division continued its
support for audio and video recordings of official Library of Congress
performances (32 performances) by the Motion Picture, Broadcast and Recorded
Sound Division. Reformatted materials were drawn from ten Library Collection
and Services divisions, the Law Library, and the Master Negative Microform
Collection held by the Photoduplication Service.
Top General
News Top of Document
Preservation
Research and Testing Division Highlights
Digital
Media Research Program: Longevity
of CDs and DVDs.
The Digital Media Research Program has primarily focused on two on-going
projects that evaluate physicochemical degradation reflected by digital error
rates, which resulted in 821 analyses. The CD-Audio Media Natural Aging
Project, which monitors the aging properties of digital media in permanent
storage under ambient conditions at the Library, has now been in progress for
nine years. Closely related is the CD-Audio Media Accelerated Aging Project,
which evaluates the effect of accelerated aging over a range of temperature and
relative humidity on disc longevity. Two large project reports were published
internally in 2005, and the Division is currently refining them for posting on
the web and for publishing elsewhere.
A new research project is being
developed based on the hypothesis that there are chemical indicators that can
be used to predict life expectancy of optical discs. This project involves
performing analyses of discs from the two above projects, and performing other
experiments, to determine the physiochemical characteristics and mechanisms of
degradation using advanced instrumental analysis techniques including FT-IR,
SEM-EDS, and others. The results will provide data regarding how and why the
degradation occurs that causes increases in the digital error rates so that a
predictive model can be developed to forecast the life expectancy of optical
media, determine optimum storage conditions, and develop a pilot program to
integrate best practices into the Library workflow.
An on-going collaboration with
the Information Technology Division of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) was completed in 2006. This collaboration resulted in new
data regarding test protocols (<http://www.itl.nist.gov/div895/loc/index.html>)
and in the formation of the Government Information Preservation Working Group
(GIPWoG ), which meets semi-annually to discuss preservation of CD and DVD
optical discs. NIST recently passed leadership for the GIPWoG to the Johns
Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, which will continue to work with PRTD and
the Optical Disc Testing Association to develop archival quality optical media.
Top General News Top of Document
Digital Data Archiving
Program. A goal of the Division is to develop a
searchable relational database for all LC users to document all preservation
treatments and chemical/physical analyses and tests that are performed on
collection objects. The first step has been the development of a testing
database, which includes searchable parameters regarding vendors, commercial
product designations, test results, and other data for housing materials. Test
data from years prior to the inception of the database is being added to make
search results as comprehensive as possible. In fiscal 2006, 726 new records
from current testing, old testing, and from the digital media Natural Aging
Study were added.
Top General News Top of Document
Audio/Visual Media Research
Program: Magnetic Media
Identification and Deterioration. This research program focuses on the
causes of degradation of magnetic media (film and tape), to develop approaches
for preservation treatments and for sampling collections for chemical species
that potentially can be used to predict the state of deterioration of the
media. The Gel Permeation Chromatography of Magnetic Media Polymers Project
focuses on “sticky shed syndrome” determine the cause of the phenomenon and its
treatment. A new state-of-the-art high-temperature gel permeation chromatograph
(HT-GPC) is providing quantitative data, and 285 experiments were performed to
optimize instrumental conditions, develop the methodology, and perform
materials analyses.
Closely related is the Direct
Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) of Magnetic Media Project,
which has as its goal performing “fingerprint” analysis of the magnetic media
analyzed by HT-GPC above to develop quick diagnostic methods for analyzing
media collections and environments. In fiscal 2006, 240 experiments were
conducted to optimize conditions and define how the instrument can be used for
non-destructively characterizing magnetic media.
Top General News Top of Document
Pressure-Sensitive
Adhesive Inventory Control and Security Devices Project. This research project identifies adverse
effects from pressure-sensitive adhesive labels on different materials so that
a “universal” label can be specified for use in bar-coding and labeling
non-book and special collection materials. This project addresses a concern of
the LC Joint Issues Group on Labeling (JIG-L), whose charge is to improve and
streamline the marking and labeling of all formats received by the Copyright
Office and the Acquisitions Directorate. In fiscal 2006, 1760 analyses were
performed using a colorimeter/spectrophotometer, which will provide data for
both revising current LC Specifications and developing a new one.
For more detailed information on
other projects and developments in the Preservation Directorate, please see the
ALA 2007 Midwinter Meeting briefing at: http://www.loc.gov/ala/mw-2007-update.html
Top General News Top of Document
Electronic
Resource Management System (ERMS) In fiscal 2006, ILS staff continued
development of the Library’s ERMS, a software application to improve the
availability of licensing information and holdings for electronic serials. This
project incorporates the use of MS Access database operations to facilitate the
tracking and loading of bibliographic and holdings information. The Innovative
Interfaces (III) WebOPAC software was installed to act as a Web front-end to
the ERMS data, delivering a powerful search engine to present records with
serial holdings, updated URLs, and the licensed terms of usage associated with
subscriptions to electronic works. Through such displays searchers are advised
not only of the means to connect directly with desired content, but also of any
permissions and restrictions associated with that access. A technical team has
been trained on configuring the Web presentation of the III WebOPAC data and is
beginning work to fold it into other information made available on the Library’s
web pages. On the operational front, a pilot E-Resource team is being
identified that will have staff drawn from the serials community and those with
experience with acquisitions and cataloging of e-resources to work closely with
Technology Policy staff to implement and maintain the ERMS. The team will
support the further systems development and growth of data about licensed
resources available to Library patrons.
Top General News Top of Document
Find It, LC’s OpenURL
Resolver. Pursuing the Library’s goal to improve
user access to free and licensed electronic resources, the Library completed a
successful upgrade of its OpenURL resolver, Find It!, in summer 2006. LC’s
resolver application (SFX from Ex Libris) supports convenient linking between
citations for resources and web services accessible to the Library (such as,
links to full digital content, tables of content and abstracts; expanded
searches for "more information" in the LC Online Catalog or web
search engines; document delivery and interlibrary loan, etc.). The application
is currently restricted to onsite patrons and staff.
Top General News Top of Document
Top General News Top of Document
LC EAD (Encoded Archival
Description) Archival Finding Aids.
In 2006, eight
Library divisions created 67 new EAD archival finding aids, bringing the total
number of LC EAD finding aids to 357. Users are now able to access to more than
18 million archival items in LC’s collections through these documents. LC
collection-level MARC data is extracted from the Library of Congress Online
Catalog using Z39.50/SRU to provide controlled names and subjects as well as
collection summary information in each EAD. The Library’s EAD indexes and
browse listings -- for names, subjects,. collection titles, collections by
date, and collections by repository -- are updated monthly.
LC
Persistent Identifiers using info:lccn.
In 2006, Library
Services began development of an application to provide persistent LCCN-based
URL links to bibliographic records in the Library of Congress Online Catalog.
Using a new Library web domain “lccn.loc.gov,” MARCXML records will be
retrieved from the LC Online Catalog through its Z39.50/SRU gateway (the
bath.lccn queries will search both LCCNs and cancelled LCCNs). Retrieved
records will be processed by XML stylesheets to create web displays that
replicate the look and feel of the LC Online Catalog. LCCNs found in incoming URLs
will be normalized using the info:lccn specifications. The application is
expected to be in production by early 2007.
Top General News Top of Document
Metasearch Project. On
The beta application currently
searches five targets: the Library of Congress Online Catalog, the LC web site,
American Memory, the Prints and Photographs On-line Catalog, and the THOMAS
Legislative Information System. While initial search capabilities are
rudimentary, the intent is to expand both the number of targets and search
functionality if this pilot proves successful.
This project is led by
Information Technology Services and the Office of Strategic Initiatives, with
participation from Library Services. The New Search (BETA) feature is available
from the Library’s public home page.
Top General News Top of Document
NDMSO
continued support for the digital performing arts site, formerly called I
Hear America Singing and now named LC Presents, Music, Theater, and
Dance (LCP), and the Veterans History Project (VHP). The work involved use
and development of standards such as METS, MODS, and TEI.
LC Presents (<http://www.loc.gov/lcp>)
had two new releases, an update to Song in America, featuring articles
and biographies of composers associated with selected songs from the Thomas
Hampson tour, and Ragtime, a collection of sheet music, audio, and
video related to ragtime music. These new sites required the development of new
METS profiles for articles and biographies. The web prototyping has expanded
into new areas, such as indexing and searching across collections and indices,
as well as harvesting objects from legacy databases.
Top General
News Top of Document
MARC 21 (<http://www.loc.gov/marc>) and
MARCXML (<http://www.loc.gov/marcxml>)
NDMSO continued to maintain
MARCXML, an XML version of the traditional MARC 21 record, with the goal to
maintain stability and upward compatibility in the record interchange
environment which is vital to cost savings for libraries, by providing the
standards and tools for the community to move forward to newer technologies.
The transformation from MARC 21 to MARCXML converts characters to Unicode thus
exposing the millions of records to Unicode-based XML tools. A September 2006
D-Lib Magazine report from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Library
detailed the selection of MARCXML as the preferred format for a major journal
article data file involving thousands of records. The MARCXML standard
continues to be adopted by many international users and software developers.
Top General News Top of Document
MARC 21
Documentation. NDMSO has completed the conversion of all
five MARC 21 formats into XML from former SGML and word processing formats.
Using XSL-FO, NDMSO is currently producing Update No. 7 (October 2006) for all
five MARC 21 formats in PDF via an XSLT transformation. These PDF updates will
be made available to the public from the Library of Congress Web site, as well
as being printed in the usual manner.
Top General News Top of Document
MODS (<http://www.loc.gov/mods>) and
MADS (<http://www.loc.gov/mads>)
Version 3.2 of the Metadata
Object Description Schema (MODS) was released that included changes needed by
the Digital Library Federation (DLF) Aquifer Metadata Working Group and for
records in the DLF/OCLC Registry of Digital Masters, as well as additions to
facilitate linking within a MODS description or METS (Metadata Encoding and
Transmission Standard) document. This MODS XML schema furthers the goal of
providing standardized alternatives for XML-based description of electronic
objects for use with digital projects.
There continued to be wide
interest and adoption of MODS in digital library projects that require rich
resource descriptions, particularly in conjunction with METS and the Open
Archives Initiative (OAI) harvesting of metadata records. Many institutions are
now making their metadata available via OAI in MODS as an alternative format.
A transformation between MARC 21 XML authority records and MADS was completed and made available. Several projects using MADS were initiated in the community. Both MODS and MADS are developed through the open membership MODS listserv.
Top General News Top of Document
PREMIS. An
Editorial Committee was appointed to assist in maintaining the data dictionary
and XML schemas of the core Preservation Metadata data dictionary, PREMIS. The
Committee has 10 members from various communities and from 6 different
countries. NDMSO staff participated in the presentation of two two-day
tutorials on PREMIS, one in Glasgow, Scotland, in July, hosted by the Digital
Curation Centre in the United Kingdom, and the other before the Digital Library
Federation meeting in Boston, Mass., in November. NDMSO also contracted for a
paper to review enhancements to PREMIS that would allow better description of
rights associated with preserved objects.
Top General News Top of Document
SRU and Z39.50 Information
Retrieval. SRU (Search and Retrieval via URL)
version 1.2 will be announced in winter or early spring 2007. It incorporates
various minor changes and fixes minor problems. An OASIS Technical Committee
will be formed to standardize a Search/Retrieval protocol, with SRU Version 1.2
as the basis and compatible with Amazon's OpenSearch a goal. When completed,
this will result in SRU 2.0. The SRU implementors have approved the companion
Update protocol, which will become official as soon as its XML schema is
completed.
Completion of an upgrade to the
Index Data YAZ proxy that LC uses as its front-end for Z39.50 access to its
primary catalogs allows LC to support SRU access in addition to Z39.50. The new
version also supports returned records in MARCXML with holdings tagged as
specified in the Z39.50 OPACXML record. Implementation continued on gateways to
other databases at LC ? Lucene, MySQL, and Inquiry ? that will eventually
enable federated searching of those databases with results returned in HTML.
Top General News Top of Document
Unicode and MARC. A proposal for a “lossless” technique
for converting Unicode to MARC-8 was developed and approved at the ALA Annual
Conference in June 2006. It joins the “lossy” technique that was approved in
January 2006, which specifies a technique for reducing Unicode characters
(approx. 100,000) to the MARC-8 subset (approx. 16,000) by defining a
placeholder character that is substituted for each unmappable Unicode
character. This technique is not reversible as knowledge of original character
is lost, whereas the lossless technique gives users the option of an encoding
that remembers the original character even though it cannot be displayed in a
MARC-8 system. The Library of Congress set up a special listserv for the MARC
21 systems and vendor communities to discuss and arrive at consensus on various
issues concerning the implementation of Unicode with MARC 21.
Top General News Top of Document
(Steve Yusko--From LC
Reengineering of the Copyright Office
Triennial Anticircumvention Rulemaking
Reengineering of the Copyright Office
The Copyright Office is nearing
the end of a multi-year effort to reengineer its principal public services. The
objectives of the reengineering program are to improve the efficiency and
timeliness of Copyright Office public services; to provide more services
online; to ensure the prompt availability of new Copyright records; to provide
better tracking of individual items in the workflow; and to increase the
acquisition of digital works for the Library of Congress collections. The
Office’s implementation efforts during 2006 continued to focus on the three
fronts that support the reengineered processes: organization, information
technology, and facilities. Since the three fronts are interconnected and the
Office must provide uninterrupted customer service, full implementation will
occur simultaneously when the new processes begin in mid-2007. Pilot projects
are underway to test and improve the new processes and IT systems.
Top of Copyright Top of Document
As part of the reengineering
program, the Office will reorganize, and in some cases realign, its divisions
so that they are organized around a process to promote accountability for end
products and services. New job roles will include duties associated with the
new processes. The reorganization encourages a team-based environment, with
jobs that include a variety of duties to enhance existing skill sets of the
current staff and enable the organization to deploy staff to respond quickly to
fluctuations in workloads across the Office. An extensive cross-training
program began in 2005 to prepare examiners and catalogers to perform the
combined duties of the proposed registration specialist position, which will
include both examining claims and creating registration records. A complete
reorganization package was submitted to the Library for approval in November
2006.
In 2003 the Office selected SRA
International, Inc., of
Top of Copyright Top of Document
In February 2005 the Office
began a pilot project to process certain motion picture claims through eCO.
Based on change requests submitted by staff working in the pilot, improvements
were made to eCO through a number of software releases. A major IT
development occurred later in the year with the implementation of the online
web portal that allows users to submit electronic applications for
preregistration and to pay fees with a credit card or ACH debit through a seamless
link to the U.S. Treasury’s Pay.gov Web site. The portal, which serves as the
model for providing full electronic registration service to the public, opened
on
Top of Copyright Top of Document
Approximately 460 staff and
contractors moved to temporary swing space in Crystal City (Arlington,
Virginia) in July 2006; other staff moved to swing space within the Capitol
Hill complex, and a few remained in place. Second, after years of planning, the
Architect of the Capitol began the renovation of Copyright Office space. Three
divisions moved to newly renovated spaces in December and January. The
remaining renovation is scheduled for completion by mid-2007 with the majority
of staff moving back to the
The Copyright Office has
involved internal stakeholders throughout the reengineering process, including
staff and management at all levels, on teams, task groups, and pilot projects.
In addition, the Office identified stakeholders from the Library of Congress,
including affected staff and managers from Library Services and the various
infrastructure groups. A variety of media and methods are used to share
reengineering-related news with stakeholders, including ReNews (the
reengineering newsletter), Renews Lite (an email version used for
quick updates), articles in Copyright Notices, a Reengineering
Intranet Web site, “All Hands” staff meetings, and meetings with Library of
Congress staff and managers.
The next seven months will see
the Office accelerating its training schedule for the new system, adding more
types of registration claims to its pilot projects, staffing its new
organization, and preparing for the move back to the
Top of Copyright Top of Document
In 2005, the Copyright Office
conducted a study on the “orphan works” issue. The study was a response to
concerns that uncertainty surrounding ownership of orphan works might
needlessly discourage subsequent creators and users from using works in
socially productive ways, such as by incorporating these works in new creative
efforts, or by making them available to the public. The study involved written
public comments (over 850 were received), four days of public roundtable discussions
(two in Washington, D.C. and two in Berkeley, Calif.), and 17 informal meetings
with interested parties to discuss issues in greater depth.
The Copyright Office then
submitted its “Report on Orphan Works” to Congress in January of 2006. The Office’s
conclusions were as follows: 1) The orphan works problem is real. 2) The orphan
works problem is elusive to quantify and describe comprehensively. 3) Some
orphan works situations may be addressed by existing copyright law, but many
are not. 4) Legislation is necessary to provide a meaningful solution to the
orphan works problem as we know it today.
Top of Copyright Top of Document
The Office recommended that the
orphan works issue be addressed by an amendment to the Copyright Act’s remedies
section. This amendment would limit the liability of a user of a copyrighted
work who performed a good faith, “reasonably diligent search” for the copyright
owner but could not find that person, and provided attribution to the author
and copyright owner if known, and in a manner reasonable under the
circumstances.
The House and Senate Judiciary
Committees held hearings on the Report in March 2006 and April 2006,
respectively. The Office’s testimony is available at <http://www.copyright.gov/docs/regstat030806.html>
and <http://judiciary.senate.gov/print_testimony.cfm?id=1847&wit_id=5219>.
The Orphan Works Act of 2006, H.R. 5439, was introduced in the House of
Representatives on
Following the House
Subcommittee’s vote, the Orphan Works Act was combined with the Section 115
Reform Act of 2006 (“S1RA”), H.R. 5553, and the two became the Copyright
Modernization Act of 2006, H.R. 6052. The full House Judiciary Committee took
no action on the Copyright Modernization Act, but the Copyright Office suspects
that work on orphan works legislation will resume during in the 110th Congress.
Top of Copyright Top of Document
Section
108 Study Group
The Section 108 Study Group,
convened under the aegis of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and
Preservation Program (NDIIPP), and co-sponsored by the U.S. Copyright Office,
began its work in the spring of 2005. The goal of the group, named after the
section of the U.S. Copyright Act that provides limited exceptions for libraries
and archives, is to prepare findings and make recommendations to the Librarian
of Congress and Register of Copyrights by mid-2007 on possible revisions of the
law that reflect reasonable uses of copyrighted works by libraries and archives
in the digital age. This effort will seek to strike the appropriate balance
between copyright holders and libraries and archives in a manner that best
serves the public interest.
The creation of the Study Group
was prompted in part by the increasing use of digital media. Digital
technologies are radically transforming how copyrighted works are created and
disseminated, and also how libraries and archives preserve and make those works
available. Cultural heritage institutions, in carrying forward their missions,
have begun to acquire and incorporate large quantities of “born digital” works
(those created in digital form) into their holdings to ensure the continuing
availability of those works to future generations.
Section 108 of the Copyright Act
permits libraries and archives to make certain uses of copyrighted materials in
order to serve the public and ensure the availability of works over time. Among
other things, section 108 provides limited exceptions for libraries and
archives to make copies in specified instances for preservation, replacement
and patron access. These provisions were drafted with analog materials in mind,
and, as has been observed, do not adequately address many of the issues unique
to digital media, either from the perspective of right holders or libraries and
archives. The work of the Section 108 Study Group will be to review and
document how section 108 should be revised in light of the changes wrought by
digital technologies, while maintaining balance between the interests of rights
holders and library and archive patrons.
The Section 108 Study Group is
made up of copyright experts from various fields, including law, publishing,
libraries, archives, film, music, software and photography. It is co-chaired by
Laura Gasaway, associate dean for academic affairs and professor of law at the
Top of Copyright Top of Document
Another roundtable will take
place on
An interim report of the Study
Group’s work to date is scheduled to be published in February 2007. The Study
Group’s final report of its recommendations is scheduled to be delivered to the
Librarian of Congress and the Register of Copyrights in mid-2007.
Top of Copyright Top of Document
Triennial Anticircumvention Rulemaking
In 1998, Congress enacted the
Digital Millennium Copyright Act. As part of that enactment, Congress created a
triennial rulemaking process to be conducted by the Copyright Office, in
consultation with the National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, in order to determine whether the prohibition on circumvention
of technological measures that protect access to copyrighted works does or is
likely to adversely affect noninfringing uses of copyrighted works by users of
those works. At the conclusion of the rulemaking process, the Register of
Copyrights presents her recommendations to the Librarian of Congress for
consideration of whether or not exemptions should issue for the next three-year
period.
The Copyright Office initiated
the third anticircumvention rulemaking on
On
Top of Copyright Top of Document
Library groups have been
involved in this rulemaking process from its inception and have proposed
exemptions to the prohibition for the next three-year period. The Librarian’s
final decision was published in the Federal Register on
Following the Register’s
recommendation, the Librarian issued six exemptions; carrying over three from
the previous rulemaking concerning access to ebooks for the vision impaired,
access to software protected by malfunctioning and obsolete dongles, and access
to software that has become obsolete and which requires original media or
hardware for access. The three new exemptions address the use of DVDs in film
or media studies classes, investigating and correcting security vulnerabilities
created by technological measures, and access to firmware on mobile phones that
prevents the use of that phone on other networks. In response to the last
exemption, a wireless phone provider, TracFone, filed suit in federal court
seeking to overturn the Librarian’s decision and arguing that the entire
rulemaking process is unconstitutional.
Further information on the
current rulemaking and the entire record for prior rulemakings is available on
the Copyright Office’s 1201 page at URL <http://www.copyright.gov/1201/index.html>.
Top of Copyright Top of Document
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC
INITIATIVES (OSI)
(Steve Yusko--From LC
o
Initiative on Preserving Creative America
o
Partnership with Stanford University-CLOCKSS
o
Partnership with the National Endowment for the
Humanities: The National Digital Newspaper Program
o
Electronic Deposit for Electronic Journals Project
NATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY PROGRAM (NDL)
INTRODUCTION
The Office of Strategic
Initiatives’ longtime experience in the creation and dissemination of digital
content, combined with its national program to preserve digital materials,
gives it a unique perspective that is essential to the Library’s continued
ability to meet the information needs of the U.S. Congress, students, teachers,
scholars, researchers and lifelong learners. This experience is rooted in
oversight of the National Digital Library (NDL) Program, which provides access
to millions of digitized materials from the Library of Congress’s collections
and those of its partners. The NDL Program began in 1994 (before OSI was
established) and led to the creation of one of the most extensive educational
Web sites on the Internet: <http://www.loc.gov>.
In December 2000 Congress asked
the Library to lead a national program to collect and preserve important
digital content -- the National Digital Information Infrastructure and
Preservation Program ? and the Librarian of Congress created the Office of
Strategic Initiatives. Information Technology Services, a directorate of OSI,
supports not only these programs but also the technology needs of the entire
Library. NDIIPP continues to be the major focus for the OSI service unit.
NDIIPP Public Awareness. NDIIPP
received press attention from several media outlets during fiscal 2007, such as
Investor’s Business Daily and Yahoo! Most notable was a September 2006
article in The Atlantic. Called “File Not Found,” the article by noted
journalist James Fallows described NDIIPP and told how digital preservation is
as important to libraries as it is to individuals.
Digital Preservation
Partnerships and Initiatives (Highlights)
Initiative on Preserving Creative
Partnership with Stanford University-CLOCKSS. The Library of Congress entered into a
three-year cooperative agreement in June 2006 with
Since 1999, Stanford has been
developing preservation software as part of its LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep
Stuff Safe) program. Initiated by Stanford University Libraries, LOCKSS is
open-source software that provides libraries with an easy and inexpensive way
to collect, store, preserve and provide access to their own, local copy of
authorized content. The CLOCKSS program (<http://www.lockss.org/clockss/>)
is a collaborative, community initiative to build a trusted, large-scale, dark
archive (an archive that is accessible only in case of emergency, such as a
loss of data at another site). CLOCKSS is intended to provide a decentralized
and secure solution to long-term archiving, based on the LOCKSS technical
infrastructure. Its governance and administration structure are distributed to
ensure that no single organization controls the archive or has the power to
compromise the content’s long-term safety or integrity.
Partnership with SCOLA. Also in July, the
Library of Congress entered into a cooperative agreement that will ensure that
high-interest foreign news broadcasts such as those from Al-Jazeera (a news and
current affairs television channel based in Doha, Qatar), and from Pakistan,
Russia and the Philippines are archived and available for future research.
The agreement is with SCOLA, a
nonprofit educational corporation that receives and retransmits television
programming of long-term research value from around the world in native
languages. Under this cooperative agreement, a minimum of 3,750 hours of
programming in digital form will be archived by SCOLA over a six-month period
and made available to the Library of Congress and its researchers. NDIIPP is
providing funding support. SCOLA is matching the $250,000 provided by the
Library, as required by the NDIIPP legislation. The agreement, subject to
continuing matching contributions from SCOLA, was for an initial period of six
months, renewable up to four years.
SCOLA (<http://www.scola.org>)
has agreements with approximately 90 countries to obtain and disseminate copies
of foreign television programs. While in the past SCOLA has retained broadcast
material for only a brief period, it is developing a capability to archive the
programs it now transmits digitally.
Partnership with the National Endowment for the Humanities: The
National Digital Newspaper Program. In April 2005 the Library and the
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) announced that six institutions had
received more than $1.9 million in grants from NEH in the National Digital
Newspaper Program (NDNP), a long-term effort to develop an Internet-based,
searchable database of
The NDNP Web site, to be called
American Chronicle, was scheduled for beta testing beginning in October 2006,
with release to the public in mid-2007.
Electronic Deposit for Electronic Journals Project. The
eDeposit for eJournals project is a collaborative effort among three service
units of the Library: the U.S. Copyright Office, Library Services and the
Office of Strategic Initiatives. The project will consider the near- and long-term
needs of library users, as well as the technologies available, by studying
other systems and technologies in order to build the most efficient system
using available resources.
A working group comprising
senior managers from service units across the institution performs customer and
stakeholder management. It has met on a biweekly basis since September 2005.
The working group has also formed teams to explore specific subject areas and
to engage key stakeholders outside the working group. The members and
stakeholders have been chosen according to subject matter expertise, technical
expertise or responsibility relevant to the execution of this project.
In 2007 the team will operate a
fully functioning prototype system and conduct beta tests with a small group of
digital content owners and other digital archival service providers. In
parallel, the team will conduct policy roundtable discussions with stakeholders
(including authors, publishers, libraries and archivists) to solicit input and
craft policies and regulations that support LC mission goals of deposit,
acquisition and institutional stewardship of digital publications. The initial
area of content focus is scholarly electronic journals. E-journals were chosen
because they represent a major trend in scholarly communication, are
increasingly available only in digital formats and are widely perceived by
research libraries to be at great risk of loss unless steps are taken now to
preserve them.
Targeted outcomes for the
program include building new technical infrastructure and service capabilities,
such as a digital repository and related ingest and audit interfaces, a policy
framework, and a policy planning process that will serve LC as it continues the
acquisition and stewardship of a growing number of digital assets in the
future.
Web Content Capture Project.
Because the Web has
become a major source of born-digital information, NDIIPP supports a Web
Capture Team to collect and preserve Web sites. In May 2006 the team launched a
Web site devoted to the project at URL <http://www.loc.gov/webcapture>.
During fiscal 2006, the team
captured 21 terabytes of digital content, for a total of 56 terabytes to date.
This total represents more than 1 billion documents downloaded from the Web to
date. This is the equivalent of digital text information from more than 55
million books (1 megabyte per book of text only).
OSI worked with Library Services
and the Law Library on capturing the following collections: Election 2006;
Prints and Photographs Acquisitions; The Manuscript Division Archive
of Organizational Web Sites (Web sites of existing donors); General
Collections Archiving Pilot; Crisis in Darfur, Sudan; Hurricane
Katrina, a partnership with the Internet Archive and the California
Digital Library; Supreme Court; 109th Congress; and War
in Iraq.
Two technical areas were tested
this year: indexing tools and transfer and storage technical requirements.
NutchWax, the first full-text indexing tool for archived Web content was
installed and tested at the Library. During this year, the following
collections were indexed using NutchWax: Supreme Court,
National Digital Library Program (NDL)
In 1994, the Library established
its National Digital Library (NDL) Program, following a five-year pilot that
digitized versions of rare Library materials were distributed on CD-ROM to 44
schools and libraries nationwide. With the advent of the public Web in 1994,
the Library was able to distribute these materials more widely and at less
cost. By 2000, more than 5 million historical items were offered in American
Memory, the NDL Program’s flagship Web site at <memory.loc.gov>. During the next decade,
the Library’s Web site has grown into one of the largest repositories of
noncommercial high-quality content online.
In fiscal 2006, the Library’s
Web site overall handled 4,039,719,596 transactions, or “hits.” This statistic
accounts for all major sub-sites of <www.loc.gov>,
such as American
The number of digital files
produced by the Library in fiscal 2006 was 900,192, and the total files now
number 11,074,223.
The Library’s ranking jumped
considerably in the 2006
American Memory. Two collections were added to American
Memory in fiscal 2006: “The Moldenhauer Archives” of approximately 3,500
items documenting the history of Western music from the medieval period through
the modern era and “Miller NAWSA Suffrage Scrapbooks: 1897-1911,” a
presentation of the scrapbooks of Elizabeth Smith Miller, and her daughter,
Anne Fitzhugh Miller, documenting the National American Woman Suffrage
Association. This brings to 135 the number of thematic collections in this Web site
that presents digitized versions of the rare and unique multimedia materials
from the Library and its partners.
Learning Page. The
Learning Page Web site (<http://memory.loc.gov/learn>)
was specifically created for teachers and their students and features
educational ways to use the Library’s online primary sources in the classroom.
In fiscal 2006, the site added
materials to assist educators in teaching about “Early America,” “American
Indians,” “Civil War Music,” “The Constitution,” “The Great Depression and the
Dust Bowl,” “Found Poetry,” “Jim Crow,” “Thanksgiving” and “Suffrage.”
All lessons in the site were
aligned to meet National Teaching Standards. Seventeen “Collection
Connections,” which are teacher-oriented guides to the American Memory
collections, were added.
Teaching with Primary Sources Program/Adventure of the American Mind
Transition. In fiscal 2006, as the request of
Congress, the Library was authorized to develop and administer a professional
development program for educators based on the pilot Adventure of the American
Mind (AAM) program, which was active in seven states. OSI will expand the AAM program
into the new national Teaching with Primary Sources Program.
Teaching with Primary Sources
(TPS) was officially launched with the first consortium meeting in
Collaborations.
Educational Outreach staff played an active role in the Music Division’s
online Performing Arts Encyclopedia. Externally, they also worked with
the