Update from OCLC 2002

OCLC2002

The Cataloging & Collections Update
News you can use from OCLC Cataloging, Collections and Metadata Services
February 2002

Batch Services
Batchloading
Steps have been taken to improve communications with members and networks:

New batchload services and options
Local Data Record Updating Service (LDRUS). By popular demand LDRUS has been pulled off the shelf and put back into production. LDRUS allows institutions that conform to OCLC interpretation of the MARC 21 Format for Holdings Data to load LDRs into WorldCat. As of the end of 2001, two institutions had ordered the LDRUS service and successfully loaded their files.

Datamerge function. Many international members have requested we merge Non-LC/Non-English Subject Heading into matching OCLC records during the batch process. Previously when we merged data, all eligible fields were merged, whether or not the institution or OCLC wanted the data. To eliminate the possibility of merging unwanted fields, we now have the capability to merge selected data (usually subject headings) jointly agreed upon between OCLC and the library.

PCC records. OCLC can now automatically split out PCC records from Batchload files that have been FTP'd to us through EDX on an institution-by-institution basis, eliminating the need for libraries to send PCC records in separate files. Four BIBCO libraries are currently set up with this functionality and PCC files are being evaluated for setup.
–Joanne Gullo, Doug Perkins

LDC (Local Database Creation)
Cheryl Baugess replaced Doug Perkins as product manager of LDC.
–Cheryl Baugess

Metadata Capture
The purpose of Metadata Capture project is to support OCLC’s three-year strategy of extending the OCLC cooperative. Metadata Capture will support OCLC’s strategic vision by creating an effective, flexible, scalable, and robust method of supporting input into WorldCat and Extended WorldCat (XWC) of various metadata schemas. The ability to process these files off-line in batch mode will reduce library costs and will grow the database in a fast and efficient manner.

The Metadata Capture Project is a massive effort that includes a Record Converter (currently in the testing phase), Batchload Redesign (Summer 2002), and the creation of new Matching Algorithms (to be determined but sometime after July 1, 2002). Both the Record Converter and Batchload Redesign will function on the UNIX platform. The Matching Algorithms are being developed. While the new matching algorithms are being developed, matching will continue on the Tandem. This will allow OCLC to meet the needs of our users without interrupting service.
–Marianne Kozsely

Cataloging
Abridged WebDewey
Two additional members will join the WebDewey family of products in early 2002: Abridged WebDewey and Abridged WebDewey in CORC. The debut of these two products marks the first time that an abridged edition of the Classification has been available to its users in electronic form. The relationships between these two products will be analogous to those of the WebDewey products. Abridged WebDewey in CORC will be available to cataloging members within the CORC environment, and Abridged WebDewey, based on the same database and with an identical interface, will be available to all libraries, regardless of OCLC cataloging membership status, in a separate environment.

These two products will be based on the enhanced Abridged Edition 13 database, which has the contents of the one-volume print edition, published in 1997, all editorial updates, intellectually mapped LCSH, and mappings between abridged Dewey numbers and the latest edition of H.W. Wilson’s Sears List of Subject Headings. Statistically mapped LCSH will be added in the future. Some of the intellectual mappings in Abridged WebDewey come from Subject Headings for Children, an OCLC Forest Press print publication listing associations between abridged Dewey numbers and LCSH most frequently applied to children’s materials.

All web versions of the DDC are updated quarterly in terms of content and functionality. While adapting and changing the electronic versions of the Classification to keep pace with hardware and software innovations, OCLC Forest Press has also maintained a steady dialogue with users over the years and implemented many of the enhancement requests they have received in the course of such dialogue. One request was to give users the ability to annotate electronic versions to reflect local classification practices. This feature was implemented in Dewey for Windows and expanded significantly over time. It is also coming to all the web versions in 2002.
–Libbie Crawford

OCLC Arabic Cataloging
The OCLC Arabic Cataloging software moved from pilot to production in February 2001. The software is available at no charge to OCLC Cataloging members. With the software, you can easily add Arabic script to a romanized record with the automated transliterator tool. This can be used when you create original records, or it can be used to upgrade roman-only records that are currently in WorldCat. When you upgrade a record to add the Arabic script, you receive an Enhance credit. For more information about the software, please see http://www.oclc.org/catme/versions/enhancements.shtm for a complete list of changes included in these three versions).

OCLC CatME 2.10 is coming soon! This version includes more enhancements, including support for telnetting to your local system to run macros between CatME and the local system. The software was in field test through the month of January. OCLC expects to release this version for electronic download on February 18, 2002.

Next will be CatME 2.11, which will be a Spanish interface. The functionality in this version will match CatME 2.10. After CatME 2.11 is completed, OCLC will add both CatME 2.10 and 2.11 to the OCLC Access Suite compact disc. OCLC expects to release this compact disc during 2nd quarter 2002.

For more information on CatME and to download the software, please see http://www.oclc.org/catme/.
–David Whitehair

OCLC CJK and OCLC Multiscripts Z39.50 Client
As part of the OCLC strategic plan to develop and implement the new cataloging and metadata services platform, the enhancement of OCLC CJK and Z-client programs was placed on hold until the new OCLC database management system is established with the vernacular scripts support based on Unicode.

OCLC will focus on the CJK user base expansion, local CJK collections and quality database building. During the 2002 AAS in Washington, D.C. in April, OCLC will sponsor the CJK Users Group Annual Meeting and give a formal report. Working together, Metadata Services and OCLC Library Services will hold informal subject-focused meetings to provide product support services and gather user feedback and suggestions for the next generation CJK services.
–Hisako Kotaka

OCLC Keyword Searching
OCLC is working on implementing some new indexes in Keyword searching of WorldCat from the OCLC Cataloging, CORC, Interlibrary Loan, Selection, and Union List services. The new indexes will allow you to target your subject searches; they include LC subject headings, LC Children's Literature subject headings, Medical subject headings (MeSH), NAL subject headings, Canadian English subject headings, Canadian French subject headings, and Sears subject heading. OCLC expects to implement the new indexes during the first quarter of 2002; more information will be provided via the Logon Message of the Day and the OCLC Web site.
–David Whitehair

MARC Updates
OCLC completed a MARC Update in July 2001. The most significant changes were the introduction of several new subfields for recording URL's. Technical Bulletin 244 ( http://www.oclc.org/technicalbulletins/244/) describes the changes. On December 16, 2001, OCLC implemented several new MARC codes from the Library of Congress's codes lists.
–Rich Greene

People, Places & Things
People, Places & Things provides a list of over 50,000 popular Library of Congress subject headings and pairs them with corresponding Dewey Decimal Classification numbers. Library users will find this new publication guides them to the right places to browse for information on topics that interest them. Classifiers will find that it can help them apply the DDC. Librarians in all types of libraries will find People, Places & Things a convenient aid to browsing and subject heading application.
–Libbie Crawford

OCLC Pinyin Conversion Project
For well over two years, OCLC has worked in close cooperation with the Library of Congress and the Research Libraries Group in the planning and testing of the massive Pinyin Conversion Project. October 1, 2000 was the mutually agreed upon date for the implementation of pinyin in United States bibliographic systems. Although cleanup and additional follow-up steps continue, the conversion of authority and bibliographic records in WorldCat from the Wade-Giles transliteration scheme to pinyin is substantially complete.

OCLC's conversion of over 152,000 LC authority records that represent headings used in Chinese language records was completed during October 2000. During December 2000 and into the early part of 2001, OCLC loaded over 172,000 Chinese language LC bibliographic records that had been converted by RLG. Chinese language bibliographic records are identified in WorldCat by the fixed field Language Code (008/35-37) “chi.”. During May and June 2001, OCLC converted approximately 710,000 Chinese language bibliographic records in WorldCat. These included approximately 8900 converted Chinese language CONSER serial records. During October 2001, OCLC accomplished the conversion of nearly 25,000 non-Chinese language bibliographic records and an additional 1800 records for scores and sound recordings in WorldCat. These records were carefully selected by algorithms designed to find identifiable Wade-Giles text, and represent all of the non-Chinese bibliographic records that could be safely converted. In addition, OCLC restored Chinese vernacular data to about 4200 records from which it was inadvertently lost during the loading of the LC Chinese records converted by RLG. OCLC has also made software changes that will eliminate the longstanding problem of the occasional loss of vernacular data when national library records without vernacular data replace member input records that contain vernacular.
–Jay Weitz

PromptCat
Dewey libraries can now choose to truncate the Dewey number at a given number of digits past the decimal point. They can also choose to have PromptCat add a “j” at the front of their call number in the 092 field for juvenile materials.

We are working with several vendors to make them active with PromptCat. Those in the pipeline include Theodore Front Music, and The Bookmen. A press release will be sent out when they become active PromptCat vendors.
–Robin Buser

QC (Quality Control)
Through the end of November 2001, QC has received a total of 23,372 requests to change bibliographic records. This total also includes duplicate error reports. QC staff have manually merged 8,827 sets of duplicate records and have made changes and/or corrections to 5,104,464 bibliographic records in the WorldCat database, manually or via macros, as well as corrected a total of 4,788,158 records via automated scans.

Some of the cleanup of records via macros has included changes to the 245-field, first indicator values, GMDs (General Material Designation) on sound recording records and cleanup of data including punctuation on music records.

DDR (duplicate detection software) completed its fourteenth pass through the database on August 9, 2001, merging 58,254 sets of records for a grand total of 1,261,490 merges since the first pass beginning in June 1991.

By the end of January 2002, QC staff completed the first pass of clean up of LC class numbers. The first pass consists of searching the first three characters of invalid LC class number combinations with a truncation key. (Example: fin lc abc?) More than 100,000 records have been modified. The next pass of the file will repeat the first pass and pick up any new errors in the last eight months.
–Brenda Block

WebDewey
January will see the release of a significantly enhanced version of WebDewey in CORC, along with the initial launch of WebDewey, which will be available to all libraries, regardless of OCLC cataloging membership status. Both will be based on the same database, and the interfaces will be identical as well. Production of the Dewey for Windows CD-ROM will cease at the same time.

The DDC 21 database provides the content for both WebDewey and WebDewey in CORC. The database contains everything from the print Edition 21 of the Dewey Decimal Classification, as well as the many significant editorial changes that have been made to that material since its publication in four bound volumes in 1996.
–Libbie Crawford

WorldCat Collection Sets
Several netLibrary group sets have been created and new members are continuously being added to these groups. Some of our new electronic sets include IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and MIT Press CogSci Collection. KidsClick, APS Online, and National Academy Press are a few of the electronic sets that are currently in progress. The microform sets continue to be very popular among our users. As always, we are seeking cataloging volunteers. For additional information about WorldCat Collection Sets please see http://www.stats.oclc.org/wcs_list.html.
–Susan Walker

Collection Management
Automated Collection Analysis Service (ACAS)
OCLC Automated Collection Analysis Service (ACAS) offers precision subject analysis of the collections of one library or groups of libraries by publication date and other elements of the MARC record. The output reports for this age and content analysis are on a CD-ROM called “iCAS.” Once an analysis has been completed, the iCAS output CD reports the libraries' results in both table and graphical format. This output medium allows libraries to view the data in the variety of standard established reports or export the data to Excel, Access or some other application to further manipulate the information provided. Demo discs for iCAS are available showing examples of both single institution analysis and multi-library comparisons. Comparisons of library collections against standard lists such as Books for College Libraries, Books for College Libraries and Booklist are also provided, as are comparisons with peer collections. ACAS projects are individually evaluated and a custom quote and project estimate can then be easily provided to the library or consortia. Automated collection analysis is an organized and logical approach to collection management, planning, growth and shared resource development. See http://www.oclc.org/western/products/aca/index.htm or contact Glenda Lins glenda_lins@oclc.org at OCLC Lacey Product Center for more information. A new ACAS Sales Kit has been completed and added to NetWeb, located at http://netweb.oclc.org/&/fh.sh/url=/netweb/newpost/oclc_acas_sales_kit.htm?query
–Glenda Lins

Language Sets
Language Sets added Spanish book and video sets in September 2001 and the response from the library community has been very good.

The Language Sets staff completed the painstaking process of selecting and acquiring the 2002 Annual sets for the four Asian languages and Russian. They are ready to take orders for the new sets immediately. Spanish Sets are selected every other month, so orders for new sets can be taken at any time.

Please direct everyone's attention to the new web site for Language Sets http://www.oclc.org/languagesets/. Since the Language Sets web site went “live” on Nov. 2, 2002, it has had nearly 850 “outside” visitors. Quantities and prices may vary so we now have separate order forms for each language.

With the first Spanish Set ordered, the library will receive two free posters that advertise that Spanish materials are available in their library. Two “Dewey in Spanish” posters and a set of colorful bookmarks are also included with the first order. Posters and bookmarks will soon be available for the Russian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean sets.
–Sandi Jones

General
Local System Vendor Access Program (LSVAP)
OCLC has established relationships through this program with a number of new vendors this year, and currently 35 vendors of Integrated Library Systems are on our mailing list. Regular communication between OCLC and vendors occurs, as OCLC makes its best effort to keep ILS vendors informed of OCLC plans for future development. OCLC is eager to work in partnership with Local System vendors to best serve libraries. A web page describing LSVAP http://www.oclc.org/navigation/vendors/automation was made available this year. Please contact the OCLC LSVAP coordinator, Cynthia Whitacre, for further information.
–Cynthia Whitacre

Metadata Contract Services
MARS Authority Control, Database Preparation and Enrichment Services
MARS authority control service provides basefile, current cataloging, and notification services to libraries wanting to create or update their authority file. Libraries implementing a new local system or joining a consortium would benefit from this service. OCLC MARS also offers table of contents record enrichment services (TOC) to libraries through Blackwell's and Syndetic Solutions and offers smart barcode generation. MARS is customizable to meet the individual library's needs. Additional information about MARS is available at http://www.oclc.org/western/products/mars/. A new MARS Sales Kit has been completed and added to NetWeb. The sales kit documents can be found at http://netweb.oclc.org/netweb/newpost/MARS_Sales_Kit.htm. All leads should be forwarded to Terri Dawson in Dublin using the form found at: http://netweb.oclc.org/netweb/newpost/mars_lead_and_price_quote_form.doc.
–Glenda Lins

Metadata Contract Services
Metadata Contract Services is looking forward to beginning work in the coming weeks on a rather large project for University of the West Indies. This project will consist primarily of books format materials, and a significant number of serials will also be included. Some projects currently underway in Metadata Contract Services include Columbia University; New York Public Library; University of California, Berkeley; University of Chicago; and Yale University.

Metadata Contract Services is in a good position to expand into more conversion of non-book format materials, and upcoming openings in the schedule mean work can begin on new projects as early as the first quarter of 2002. Now is a great time to consider Metadata Contract Services for all conversion needs.

Metadata Contract Services will soon begin cataloging a unique collection donated to the University of Edinburgh by a preeminent scholar and archaeologist, Dr. Homer L. Thomas. Not only did Dr. Thomas donate his personal library to the University of Edinburgh, he provided funding for the cataloging of this special collection as well. By donating funds for cataloging, Dr. Thomas is providing access to some of the most important archaeological manuscripts and publications of the 20th century.

Ingram Library Services and Metadata Contract Services recently announced a new alliance to provide libraries with improved services via the exchange of bibliographic information and metadata for videos several weeks prior to release date. Under the terms of the agreement, professional catalogers in Metadata Contract Services provide full cataloging records of new release videos supplied by Ingram, and these records are added to both WorldCat (the OCLC Online Union Catalog) and BookMARC, Ingram's cataloging database.
–Sandi Jones

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OCLC FirstSearch and OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online Update

RECENT ENHANCEMENTS
OCLC FirstSearch Service Feature/Functionality

Redesign of FirstSearch Administrative Module. The FirstSearch administrative module is being modified to increase its ease of use and lay the groundwork for the ongoing addition of customization options that let libraries configure their FirstSearch accounts to suit local user needs. Watch for more information on this project. http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/about/admin_module.doc

WorldCat Enhancements in OCLC FirstSearch. OCLC has enhanced the WorldCat database on the OCLC FirstSearch service with features that increase the visibility of its diverse library resources and simplify access to its over 48 million records. The new features are available at no additional charge. Now available in WorldCat are:

http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/announcements/wc_enhance_20010910.htm

WorldCat library holdings enhancements. Libraries may customize their use of the Items in My Library search limit and create custom library groups in FirstSearch. Libraries control whether or not the Items in My Library search limit is available to their users in the FirstSearch interface. In particular, library staff may designate which OCLC symbol for their institution is used to identify items in the library when the Items in My Library search limit is used. They may also specify the library name that appears in FirstSearch next to the Items in My Library search limit check box. In addition, libraries may establish their own “group” for the purpose of limiting searches by group holdings in addition to those groups that are already profiled into OCLC for interlibrary loan or union listing purposes.

WorldCat partner access program. The WorldCat partner access program will expand the reach of WorldCat and libraries by establishing relationships between commercial providers of books, alternate information providers and specific non-OCLC databases. The first step in this program is the link from FirstSearch to the Alibris bookseller’s web site in the FirstSearch Administrative Module. http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/partners/

Link to OpenURL Servers from OCLC FirstSearch Service. OCLC has added the option to link from the OCLC FirstSearch service to libraries' OpenURL servers to support library efforts to streamline user access to many different online full-text resources. Through the FirstSearch administrative module, library staff may establish a link to an existing OpenURL server.

Exporting Citations to EndNote. Using ISI ResearchSoft’s Direct Export feature, users may export one or more bibliographic records directly from OCLC FirstSearch into EndNote software. This allows users of FirstSearch to create a bibliography of material accessed in FirstSearch databases as they go.

IP Address Recognition Control in the FirstSearch Administrative Module. Libraries may control the IP addresses from which they provide access to FirstSearch using their FirstSearch administrative modules. Through the administrative module, library staff may initiate IP address recognition access to FirstSearch, add or delete IP addresses and add or delete FirstSearch authorizations which are accessed from specific IP addresses. IP address changes entered through the administrative module are available as soon as the changes are saved.

Interlibrary loan via email. OCLC has enhanced the FirstSearch administrative module to allow access to interlibrary loan via email in FirstSearch. This enhancement allows libraries to let patrons request an item through interlibrary loan in FirstSearch and have the ILL request formatted as an email for review by library staff. This added feature allows libraries that do not currently use the OCLC Interlibrary Loan service to use the email option of FirstSearch to create interlibrary loan messages.

Inbound linking from BTJ. Bibliotekstjänst AB (BTJ), a Scandinavian information and media company, now provides a direct link from its PrenNet web service to full-text, full-image articles in the OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online service.

OCLC FirstSearch Service Content

Alternative Press Index. The Alternative Press Index, now available on FirstSearch, is regarded as a unique resource in its field and considered to be the most comprehensive and up-to-date guide to alternative sources of information available today. The Alternative Press Index is produced quarterly by the Alternative Press Center and indexes nearly 290 alternative, radical and left periodicals, newspapers and magazines that report and analyze the practices and theories of cultural, economic, political and social change. Additionally, the full text of 42 titles indexed in the Alternative Press Index is currently available through OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online. The Alternative Press Index is available via both the per-search and subscription access options.

OCLC ArticleFirst. The OCLC ArticleFirst and OCLC ContentsFirst databases, which have been available to users of the OCLC FirstSearch service since 1992, have been combined and enhanced with bibliographic records from the OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online database to provide a single, powerful serials content resource for libraries and their users.

PAIS Thesaurus. A thesaurus is now available in the PAIS International database. The thesaurus, available at no additional charge, can be accessed from the “Subjects” icon on search screens to identify terms that will increase the precision of search results.

MLA Directory of Periodicals was added to the MLA Bibliography database in November. This resource is available to MLA Bibliography users at no additional charge.

Essay and General Literature Index Available on OCLC FirstSearch Service. H.W. Wilson’s Essay and General Literature Index, a unique database of information on thousands of essays compiled in anthologies and collections, is now available via both the per-search and subscription access options.

RILM Database. The RILM database on FirstSearch now contains a link to the OCLC Interlibrary Loan service. The RILM database became subscription-only on January 31, at the request of the database producer.

OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online

OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online. Now includes 3,814 journals online. The number of publishers under contract is approximately 63 and the number of journals under contract for distribution through OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online is over 3,950.

Bibliographic Records for OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online Journals. OCLC now provides libraries with customized sets of bibliographic records that match their OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online journal subscription orders and renewals. This service provides MARC records that libraries may add to their local library databases, and results in the addition of libraries’ OCLC symbols to records in the WorldCat database. Libraries may order bibliographic records for Electronic Collections Online journals when they place an Electronic Collections Online journal order or renewal, using the Bibliographic Records for Electronic Collections Online Order form at http://www2.oclc.org/oclc/pdf/bibeco.pdf. Additional information is available on the FirstSearch web site at http://www.oclc.org/oclc/eco/bibrecord.htm.

Per-Article Use Purchase for OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online Journals. OCLC FirstSearch service users may expand access to online journal content by purchasing articles from electronic journals in the OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online collection on a per-article basis. Over 1,300 journals from 28 publishers are now available for purchase using this option.

Enhancement to Per-Article Use Purchase. In October, OCLC increased the updating frequency of the FirstSearch tally of Electronic Collections Online per-article use purchase expenditures toward monthly budget settings from the current schedule of once every 24 hours to real-time updating. This measure protects libraries from exceeding their budgeted amount by automatically turning off access to this purchase option at the time that the budget setting is met.

UPCOMING ENHANCEMENTS

PsycARTICLES. PsycARTICLES, the American Psychological Association's full-text article database, will be added to the OCLC FirstSearch service as a standalone database in the first quarter of 2002. The Tip Sheet is on the NetWeb at http://netweb.oclc.org/netweb/newpost/psycarticles_tip_sheet.doc.

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Some Additional News

Quality Control

Conversion of the GMDs $h [computer file], $h [machine-readable data file], and $h [interactive multimedia] to $h [electronic resource] is essentially complete except for CONSER serial records and some records with typographical errors, subfielding problems, etc.

In November 2001, LC's change of all its subject headings containing the word “handicapped” affected more than 100,000 records in WorldCat. Over 80% of those records have been updated to the new headings.

netLibrary

The final closing on the sale of netLibrary assets to OCLC Online Computer Library Center took place in January 2002, based upon approval granted by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Colorado. The sale includes both the eBook Division and the MetaText eTextbook Division of netLibrary. Both teams will remain in Boulder, Colorado. More public information will be forthcoming soon.

Ingram and OCLC to Provide Prerelease Video Cataloging Information

In October 2001, Ingram Library Services and OCLC announced a new alliance to provide libraries with improved services via the exchange of bibliographic information and metadata for videos several weeks before their release date. Under terms of the agreement, professional catalogers at OCLC will provide full cataloging records of new release videos supplied by Ingram. These records will be added to both WorldCat and Ingram's cataloging database, BookMARC. Because of the new agreement with Ingram Library Services, OCLC is now able to receive new video titles up to 12 weeks ahead of their general release dates. Ingram sends a screening copy of a video to OCLC, where it is cataloged in DVD, VHS and, if applicable, Spanish version formats.

WorldCat Now Contains More Than 500,000 Records for Digital Resources

Catalogers and other library professionals have entered over 500,000 records describing electronic resources into WorldCat. On Aug. 29, 2001, Linda Swope, OCLC Metadata Contract Services Division, entered the 500,000th record on behalf of OhioLink-a consortium of libraries from 78 Ohio colleges and universities and the State Library of Ohio. The record describes an electronic copy of Optical Networks Magazine.

Guidelines for Cataloging Electronic Resources

A newly revised version of “Cataloging Electronic Resources: OCLC-MARC Coding Guidelines” is now available on the OCLC Web site at http://www.oclc.org/oclc/cataloging/type.htm. This revision incorporates changes necessitated by the implementation on 2001 December 1 of the new “Amendments 2001” to the “Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition” (AACR2), in particular the revised and renamed Chapter 9, “Electronic Resources.” Printed copies of the AACR2 “Amendments 2001” are available from the American Library Association ( http://www.alastore.ala.org/), the Canadian Library Association ( http://www.cla.ca/marketplace/clabooks.htm), and Library Association Publishing (http://www.la-hq.org.uk/directory/publications.html). The major change reflected in the OCLC guidelines is the new General Material Designation (GMD) “[electronic resource],” although several other current practices have also been clarified in response to user questions. If you have printed out earlier versions of the OCLC document, please discard them. OCLC users should begin using the revised guidelines immediately.

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Last updated July 29, 2002